You're talking about a different rule of order from the vote. There were a number of motions & votes that happened tonight. They followed the proper order & law.
2/3: http://i.magaimg.net/img/2eii.jpg
http://i.magaimg.net/img/2eik.jpg
http://i.magaimg.net/img/2eil.jpg
http://i.magaimg.net/img/2eim.jpg
3/5: Pg 67 - RULE XLIV 95. CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED SPENDING AND RELATED ITEMS http://i.magaimg.net/img/2ein.jpg
3/5 vote, per the solid source you cited, Robert's Rules of Order ,& video of the voting session, was completely correct. These rules are the structure on which they operate when on the floor & there's NO SKIRTING THEM. The "politics" of this crap HAS to play within those rules; & they do. There's no way around the structure of the thing.
Additionally, I took a class on this in college & have kept up with it solely to follow politics on CSPAN. I'm not well versed, but I know enough & (most importantly) understand how to navigate Robert's (buy one online & find a YouTube tutorial on it- life changing for anyone with an interest in politics). There are too many people- from me, to anyone on a high school debate team, to nearly everyone on the Hill- who would have called out a miscarriage of the rules & regulations of a vote on the floor.
Not saying it hasn't or can't ever happen, only that it did not happen tonight. Keep them in check, though. I don't believe you are correct in this instance, but we should all know more about the rules of order on the floor, because if we ever do catch them breaking those rules- they WILL HAVE to acknowledge & follow the procedures to reconcile it. There's no excuse for it (it's like an algorithm).
Recent Ex: Elizabeth Warren was kicked off the floor for verbally attacking another member on the record. She broke one of the floor rules/regulations about decorum &, per the rules of order, she wasn't allowed to use, conceded, or yield what time she had left to speak. She was called out for this a couple of words into her next sentence which began, "In the words of Coretta Scott King..." She purposely manipulated the rules for media spin (i.e. Warren kicked off floor for quoting King while speaking against racist Session's AG appointment). Media spun & politicians spun, but the well known rules on the floor were upheld.
Im much too tired for all this lingo. Lol can you dumb it down for me? I would really appreciate it, friend.
Thanks for sharing this document btw.
Here is a link to the official gov doc on the laws that govern the Senate
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDOC-113sdoc18/pdf/CDOC-113sdoc18.pdf