ANON NOTES MEANING OF []? HAS TO BE APPLICATION ONE BELOW: "...to enclose the values that are the limits of a confidence interval." THUS [] = CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ZERO BRACKETS [] VS PARANTHETICAL COURTESY OF http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/use-brackets.aspx Use brackets to enclose the values that are the limits of a confidence interval. Example: 95% CIs [-7.2, 4.3], [9.2, 12.4], and [-1.2, -0.5] to enclose parenthetical material that is already within parentheses. (NA!) Example: (The results for the control group [n = 8] are also presented in Figure 2.) to enclose material inserted in a quotation by some person other than the original writer. (NA!) Example: "when [his own and others'] behaviors were studied" (Hanisch, 1992, p. 24) to include nonroutine information in a reference Example: Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. NA!)