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Biden affirms security treaty applies to Senkaku Islands in Suga call
U.S. President-elect Joe Biden sought to shore up ties with key Asian allies on Thursday morning, by making his first calls with the leaders of Japan, South Korea and Australia.
In Biden's 15-minute conversation with Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, the two leaders agreed to cooperate on fighting the coronavirus and climate change. Suga said the Japan-U.S. alliance, while needing strengthening, is the cornerstone of his country's diplomacy and security, stressing that it is essential for the peace and prosperity of an increasingly unstable region.
Biden confirmed that Article 5 of the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty will be applied to the defense of Okinawa Prefecture and the Senkaku Islands. Article 5 stipulates that the U.S. is obliged to defend Japan should its territories come under attack. Former President Barack Obama was the first U.S. leader to declare that the pact applies to the Senkakus.
Chinese vessels have been sighted near the islands, claimed by Beijing and known as Diaoyu in China, on more than 280 days this year – moves that have ratcheted up pressure on Japan and drawn protests from Tokyo.
When asked about the call, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin told reporters Thursday that the islands are "China's inherent territory" and that the U.S.-Japan security treaty is "a product of the Cold War and should not harm the interests of third parties, let alone endanger regional peace and stability." Suga said he looked forward to "meeting [Biden] as soon as possible," in reference to a planned February 2021 visit to the U.S. after the presidential inauguration ceremony. The Japanese prime minister called for cooperation toward realizing a "free and open Indo-Pacific" led by Japan and the U.S. He also requested cooperation on the issue of North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens. After the call, Suga told reporters "it was very important to work with Biden to strengthen the Japan-U.S. alliance."
This is a departure from President Donald Trump, who was seeking a review of the alliance during the presidential campaign four years ago, before reaffirming that the treaty covers the Senkakus to former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at their first summit in February 2017. Also separating the pair from Trump are their commitments to tackling climate change. Suga has set a goal of reducing carbon emissions to net zero by 2050, and Biden has pledged to return the U.S. to the Paris Agreement.
On the COVID-19 response, Biden has called on a team of experts to develop an action plan to be implemented at the same time as the inauguration of his administration, while Suga plans to align with the U.S. in the development and securement of vaccines. The two sides committed to keep on coordinating views on China's advances in the South China Sea and the East China Sea, as well as North Korea's nuclear and missile development. Japan will pay close attention to how Biden approaches China in the face of the ongoing Washington-Beijing tensions.
Meanwhile, South Korean President Moon Jae-in also had a call with Biden on Thursday morning, in which the pair agreed on the need for a strong alliance and keeping peace on the Korean Peninsula. "I just spoke to @JoeBiden and congratulated him on his election. We reaffirmed our firm commitment to a robust ROK-US alliance and peaceful and prosperous Korean Peninsula. Going forward, I will work closely with him to meet global challenges including COVID-19 and climate change," Moon said on Twitter. But with Biden calling North Korean leader Kim Jong Un a "thug," analysts say Moon may face difficulties pushing for engagement with Pyongyang. Some see the North resuming military provocations to raise its negotiation power with the incoming Biden administration.
"The U.S. and its allies need to coordinate responses to North Korea's upgraded long-range and submarine-based missiles because Pyongyang's next move may be to conduct a provocative test as a 'welcome gift' to Biden before demanding financial benefits to reduce military tensions," said Leif-Eric Easley, an associate professor of international studies at Ewha Womans University in Seoul. "A Biden administration is more likely to pursue working-level talks with Pyongyang rather than summits and big deals."
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison also spoke with Biden. "There are no greater friends and no greater allies than Australia and the U.S.," Morrison tweeted after the call. "I look forward to strengthening even further our deep and enduring alliance, and to working with him closely as we face the world's many challenges together."
https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Indo-Pacific/Biden-affirms-security-treaty-applies-to-Senkaku-Islands-in-Suga-call