Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:14 a.m. No.14936660   🗄️.is 🔗kun

HOW TO BE A FAGGOT: a book of illustrated queer erotica

[Search domain kickstarter.com] https://www.kickstarter.com › projects › 941041079 › how-to-be-a-faggot-a-book-of-illustrated-queer-ero

HOW TO BE A FAGGOT is an erotic memoir inspired by a 2016 artist residency at Tom of Finland Foundation . The book - through gritty, honest narratives and vivid, plein-air illustrations - preserves a juicy slice of gay life during the Obama years.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:15 a.m. No.14936672   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7146

qanon.news : Bread Archive [JEWISH FAGGOT GANGBANG SLUTS …

[Search domain qanon.news] https://qanon.news › Archives › x › 9130193

jewish faggot gangbang sluts #7 #cociane danielfaggot 2020-05-11 23:31:32z 594b7d no. 9130193 3ad1031f589845….png (767 KB, 255 x 143, 1024 : 576, 3ad1031f589845….png ) (h) >>9003210

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:16 a.m. No.14936678   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7146

Qanon tweets impeachment memo @berlinerHOMO #swampgasHOMO …

[Search domain trusttheq.com] trusttheq.com › qanon-tweets-impeachment-memo-berlinerhomo-swampgashomo-homo

soon danielfaggot asshole faggot faggot asshole will get the royal homo of the gayestshotgunwedding #ever This video was pulled directly from youtube, click here to view original video. Be sure to like, follow and subscribe to their channel if you like this content! Hit the bell icon to get notifications on new videos.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:16 a.m. No.14936681   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7146

/qrbunker/ - QR Bunker General #8: FISA Report Imminent …

[Search domain archive.is] https://archive.is › 3NghR

DANIELFAGGOT GOT MARRIED TO TEH WALRUS GOY JOSH AND TEHY HAD HONEYMOONS. Anonymous 11/14/2019 (Thu) 03:21:39 Id: 43fae3 (8) No. 2241 [Hide User Posts] del >>2240 Mars bars gone wild! Anonymous 11/14/2019 (Thu) 03:25:25 Id: 047a70 (5) No. 2242 [Hide User Posts] del. Open File(9.91 KB …

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:17 a.m. No.14936683   🗄️.is 🔗kun

qanon.news : Bread Archive [KNIGHT DOOKIES GO BOOM]

[Search domain qanon.news] https://qanon.news › Archives › clone › 10083778

>gehy cock gasms protestor did a inner danielfaggot tard campaign once >>10070781 >gehy cock gasms gaylord flavors protest >>10070772 >gehy cock gasms gaylord flavors protest >>10070767 >texas is flat like a cow turd jew pie >>10070755 >>some homos need teh black cock gasms > >some homos wanna cock gasms in teh red >>10070735 (you) >

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:18 a.m. No.14936687   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7146

Q Research General #18192: Quiet Q is the best Q

[Search domain 8kun.top] https://8kun.top › qresearch › res › 14379380.html

low resolution jpegs of danielfaggot homo rage quit stank face stock photos larps drives feltcher bots into shillin overdrive. Disclaimer: this post and the subject matter and contents thereof - text, media, or otherwise - do not necessarily reflect the views of the 8kun administration.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:19 a.m. No.14936698   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6711 >>7146

scary bilbo timestamp - engraveitonline.com

[Search domain engraveitonline.com] engraveitonline.com › sraf › scary-bilbo-timestamp

Read scary bilbo timestamp on the Engrave It Online Blog, your place for tips on how to buy personalised engraved gifts online and latest offers.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:26 a.m. No.14936739   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6897

qanon.news : Bread Archive [KNIGHT DOOKIES GO BOOM]

[Search domain qanon.news] https://qanon.news › Archives › clone › 10083778

>gehy cock gasms protestor did a inner danielfaggot tard campaign once >>10070781 >gehy cock gasms gaylord flavors protest >>10070772 >gehy cock gasms gaylord flavors protest >>10070767 >texas is flat like a cow turd jew pie >>10070755 >>some homos need teh black cock gasms > >some homos wanna cock gasms in teh red >>10070735 (you) >

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:28 a.m. No.14936745   🗄️.is 🔗kun

Qanon tweets impeachment memo @berlinerHOMO #swampgasHOMO …

[Search domain trusttheq.com] trusttheq.com › qanon-tweets-impeachment-memo-berlinerhomo-swampgashomo-homo

quÉ es qanon donald trump - detrás de la razón [aye como] i think my jewhole is throbbing right now not homotom cruise is a fudgepackerwhat if we get danielfaggot married to his walrus josh faggot goy boy pony, so they can ride in private "today's hogg is tomorrow's bacon" ~ adolph charlie chaplin hitler

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:29 a.m. No.14936752   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6753 >>6837

dChan - Q Origins Project Archive

[Search domain dchan.qorigins.org] https://dchan.qorigins.org › qresearch › res › 8141369.html

Prol danielfaggot molesting and breaking shit Anonymous ID: 3421b9 Feb. 14, 2020, 7:56 p.m. No.8141621 🗄️.is 🔗kun >>1644

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:31 a.m. No.14936762   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6897

qanon.news : Bread Archive [GEHYJEWBONNER PillSS NEED …

[Search domain qanon.news] https://qanon.news › Archives › x › 11144612

>so does danielfaggot marry the alex jones walrus or the bill barr walrus or the huber walrus or the durham walrus >>11104365 >>11104345 >bribed to fehgel? >>11104337 >>11104320 >>sure would be nice if we could research something besides a zombie's lust for betrayers of kindred gossip > >cause these old faggots just go tongue to cheek like a …

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:32 a.m. No.14936765   🗄️.is 🔗kun

qanon.news : Bread Archive [KNIGHT DOOKIES GO BOOM]

[Search domain qanon.news] https://qanon.news › Archives › clone › 10083778

knight dookies go boom ohzone id: ee9d2d 2020-07-26 18:18:23z no. 10083778 . super important feels from last knights dookie booms. taste moar gehy cock gasms like elon or some shit licker >>10070856 >let gehy cock gasms gaylord flavors and signauer thauces lure you into teh light flat texas buttjoosnazi

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:33 a.m. No.14936772   🗄️.is 🔗kun

/qresearch/ - Q Research General #18158: The 'Crimes …

[Search domain 8kun.top] https://8kun.top › qresearch › res › 14352740.html

File ( hide): 41882eaa1b6c8eb⋯.jpg (593.98 KB, 1617x1221, 49:37, stillFLAT.jpg) woody allen accidentally gets murder cult killed premature sturn spooge. Disclaimer: this post and the subject matter and contents thereof - text, media, or otherwise - do not necessarily reflect the views of the 8kun administration.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:34 a.m. No.14936777   🗄️.is 🔗kun

Qanon tweets impeachment memo @berlinerHOMO #swampgasHOMO …

[Search domain trusttheq.com] trusttheq.com › qanon-tweets-impeachment-memo-berlinerhomo-swampgashomo-homo

quÉ es qanon donald trump - detrás de la razón [aye como] i think my jewhole is throbbing right now not homotom cruise is a fudgepackerwhat if we get danielfaggot married to his walrus josh faggot goy boy pony, so they can ride in private "today's hogg is tomorrow's bacon" ~ adolph charlie chaplin hitler repost

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:36 a.m. No.14936790   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6792 >>6795

Faggot, often shortened to fag, is a usually pejorative term used primarily to refer to gay men and boys.[3][4][5] In American youth culture around the turn of the 21st century, its meaning extended as a broader reaching insult more related to masculinity and group power structure.[6]

 

The of use of fag and faggot has spread from the United States to varying extents elsewhere in the English-speaking world (especially the UK) through mass culture, including film, music, and the internet.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:37 a.m. No.14936792   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6801

>>14936790

>Faggot,

The American slang term is first recorded in 1914, the shortened form fag shortly after, in 1921.[7] Its immediate origin is unclear, but it is based on the word for "bundle of sticks," ultimately derived, via Old French, Italian and Vulgar Latin, from Latin fascis.[7][8]

 

The word faggot has been used in English since the late 16th century as an abusive term for women, particularly old women,[8] and reference to homosexuality may derive from this,[7][9] as female terms are often used with reference to homosexual or effeminate men (cf. nancy, sissy, queen). The application of the term to old women is possibly a shortening of the term "faggot-gatherer," applied in the 19th century to people, especially older widows, who made a meager living by gathering and selling firewood.[9] It may also derive from the sense of "something awkward to be carried" (compare the use of the word baggage as a pejorative term for old people in general).[7]

 

An alternative possibility is that the word is connected with the practice of fagging in British private schools, in which younger boys performed (potentially sexual) duties for older boys, although the word faggot was never used in this context, only fag. There is a reference to the word faggot being used in 17th-century Britain to refer to a "man hired into military service simply to fill out the ranks at muster," but there is no known connection with the word's modern usage.[7]

 

The Yiddish word faygele, lit. "little bird," has been claimed by some to be related to the American usage. The similarity between the two words makes it possible that it might at least have had a reinforcing effect.[7][9]

 

There is an urban legend, called an "oft-reprinted assertion" by Douglas Harper, that the modern slang meaning developed from the standard meaning of faggot as "bundle of sticks for burning" with regard to burning at the stake. This is unsubstantiated; the emergence of the slang term in 20th-century American English is unrelated to historical death penalties for homosexuality.[7]

 

Some LGBTQ+ have reclaimed the term as a neutral or positive term of self-description.[10][11][12]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:38 a.m. No.14936796   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14936791

>The Yiddish word faygele, lit. "little bird," has been claimed by some to be related to the American usage. The similarity between the two words makes it possible that it might at least have had a reinforcing effect.

>>14936776

>The Yiddish word faygele, lit. "little bird," has been claimed by some to be related to the American usage. The similarity between the two words makes it possible that it might at least have had a reinforcing effect.

>>14936774

>The Yiddish word faygele, lit. "little bird," has been claimed by some to be related to the American usage. The similarity between the two words makes it possible that it might at least have had a reinforcing effect.

>>14936763

>The Yiddish word faygele, lit. "little bird," has been claimed by some to be related to the American usage. The similarity between the two words makes it possible that it might at least have had a reinforcing effect.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:38 a.m. No.14936799   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6804

>>14936795

>The Yiddish word faygele, lit. "little bird," has been claimed by some to be related to the American usage. The similarity between the two words makes it possible that it might at least have had a reinforcing effect.

Use in the United Kingdom

 

Originally confined to the United States,[7] the use of the words fag and faggot as epithets for gay men has spread elsewhere in the English-speaking world, but the extent to which they are used in this sense has varied outside the context of imported US popular culture. In the UK and some other countries, the words queer, homo, and poof are much more common as pejorative terms for gay men. The word faggot in the UK also refers to a kind of meatball, while fag is most commonly used as a slang term for "cigarette."

 

The terms fag/fagging, have been widely used for a practice of younger pupils acting as personal servants to the most senior boys for well over a hundred years in England, in the public school system of education.

 

Use of fag and faggot as the term for an effeminate man has become understood as an Americanism in British English, primarily due to entertainment media use in films and television series imported from the United States. When Labour MP Bob Marshall-Andrews was overheard supposedly using the word in a bad-tempered informal exchange with a straight colleague in the House of Commons lobby in November 2005, it was considered to be homophobic abuse.[13][14]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:40 a.m. No.14936806   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14936800

Early printed use

 

The word faggot with regard to homosexuality was used as early as 1914, in Jackson and Hellyer's A Vocabulary of Criminal Slang, with Some Examples of Common Usages which listed the following example under the word, drag:[15]

 

"All the fagots (sissies) will be dressed in drag at the ball tonight."

 

The word fag is used in 1923 in The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man by Nels Anderson:

 

“Fairies or Fags are men or boys who exploit sex for profit.”[16]

 

The word was also used by a character in Claude McKay’s 1928 novel Home to Harlem, indicating that it was used during the Harlem Renaissance. Specifically, one character says that he cannot understand:

 

"a bulldyking woman and a faggoty man"

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:41 a.m. No.14936810   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6828

>>14936801

Usage by youth

 

Through ethnographic research in a high school setting, CJ Pascoe examined how American high school boys used the term fag during the early 2000s. Pascoe's work, culminating in a 2007 book titled Dude, You're a Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School, suggested that these boys used the fag epithet as a way to assert their own masculinity, by claiming that another boy is less masculine; this, in their eyes, makes him a fag, and its usage suggests that it is less about sexual orientation and more about gender. One-third of the boys in Pascoe's study claimed that they would not call a homosexual peer a fag, leading Pascoe to argue that fag is used in this setting as a form of gender policing, in which boys ridicule others who fail at masculinity, heterosexual prowess, or strength. Because boys do not want to be labeled a fag, they hurl the insult at another person. Pascoe felt the fag identity does not constitute a static identity attached to the boy receiving the insult. Rather, fag is a fluid identity that boys strive to avoid, often by naming another as the fag. As Pascoe asserts, "[the fag identity] is fluid enough that boys police their behaviors out of fear of having the fag identity permanently adhere and definitive enough so that boys recognize a fag behavior and strive to avoid it."[6]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:41 a.m. No.14936815   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7323

>>14936807

>>14936808

Use in popular culture

Benjamin Phelps, Fred Phelps' grandson and creator of the first "GodHatesFags" webpage, is also from the Westboro Baptist Church which regularly employs picket signs such as these using fag as epithet.[17]

 

There is a long history of using both fag and faggot in popular culture, usually in reference to gay and bisexual men, as well as transgender people. Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman's 1995 documentary The Celluloid Closet, based on Vito Russo's book of the same name notes the use of fag and faggot throughout Hollywood film history.[18] The Think Before You Speak campaign has sought to stop fag and gay being used as generic insults.[19]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:42 a.m. No.14936822   🗄️.is 🔗kun

Theater

 

In 1973 a Broadway musical called The Faggot was praised by critics but condemned by gay liberation proponents.[20]

Books and magazines

 

Larry Kramer's 1978 novel Faggots discusses the gay community including the use of the word within and towards the community.[21] A description of Pamela Moore's 1956 novel Chocolates for Breakfast in the Warner Books 1982 culture guide The Catalog of Cool reads: "Her fifteen-year-old heroine first balls a fag actor in H’wood, then makes it with some hermetic, filthy rich, hotel-bound Italian count."[22][23]

 

In its November 2002 issue, the New Oxford Review, a Catholic magazine, caused controversy by its use and defense of the word in an editorial. During the correspondence between the editors and a gay reader, the editors clarified that they would only use the word to describe a "practicing homosexual." They defended the use of the word, saying that it was important to preserve the social stigma of gays and lesbians.[24]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:42 a.m. No.14936824   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14936819

>>14936820

>>14936821

Arlo Guthrie uses the epithet in his 1967 signature song "Alice's Restaurant," noting it as a potential way to avoid military induction at the time (Guthrie had removed the word from live performances of the song in the 21st century).[25]

 

Phil Ochs uses the epithet in his 1969 song “I Kill Therefore I Am”. In the song, which is written from the point of view of a hateful police officer, he uses the slur to describe the student activists who protested the Vietnam War.

 

The Dire Straits 1985 song "Money for Nothing" makes notable use of the epithet faggot,[26] although the lines containing it are often excised for radio play, and in live performances by singer/songwriter Mark Knopfler. The song was banned from airplay by the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council in 2011 but the ban was reversed later the same year.[27]

 

In 1989, Sebastian Bach, lead singer of the band Skid Row, created a controversy when he wore a T-shirt with the parody slogan "AIDS: Kills Fags Dead"[28]

 

The 2001 song "American Triangle" by Elton John and Bernie Taupin uses the phrase God hates fags where we come from. The song is about Matthew Shepard, a Wyoming man who was killed because he was gay.

 

The 2007 song "The Bible Says," which includes the line "God Hates Fags" (sometimes used as an alternate title) caused considerable controversy when it was published on various websites. Apparently an anti-gay song written and performed by an ex-gay pastor "Donnie Davies," it was accompanied by the realistic Love God's Way website about his "ministry." Debate ensued about whether Donnie Davies and the outrageous song, which included a few double entendres, were for real, and whether the lyrics could ever be considered acceptable even in satire. Donnie Davies was revealed in 2007 to be a character played by an actor. Some gay rights advocates acknowledge that as a spoof it is humorous, but claim the message behind it is still as malicious as someone who seriously possessed the opinion.[29][30][31]

 

In December 2007, BBC Radio 1 caused controversy by editing the word faggot from their broadcasts of the Kirsty MacColl and The Pogues song "Fairytale of New York," deeming it potentially homophobic; however, the edit did not extend to other BBC stations, such as BBC Radio 2. Following widespread criticism and pressure from listeners, the decision was reversed and the original unedited version of the song was reinstated, with clarification from Andy Parfitt, the station controller, that in the context of the song the lyrics had no "negative intent."[32][33]

 

Patty Griffin uses the word faggot in her song "Tony" about a classmate of hers from high school who committed suicide.[34]

 

McCafferty uses the word faggot in the song "Trees" about lead singer Nick Hartkop's struggles coming to terms with his sexuality.[35]

 

Eminem used the word in numerous works, such as Rap God, along with an inflammatory lyric containing the term being removed from Fall.[36][37][38]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 7:43 a.m. No.14936829   🗄️.is 🔗kun

Television

 

In November 2009, the South Park episode "The F Word" dealt with the overuse of the word fag. The boys use the word to insult a group of bikers, saying that their loud motorcycles ruin everyone else's nice time. Officials from the dictionary, including Emmanuel Lewis attend in the town and agree that the meaning of the word should no longer insult homosexuals but instead be used to describe loud motorcycle riders who ruin others' nice times.[39] The episode is a satire on the taboo of using the term, as it goes against political correctness.[40][41] >>14936823

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faggots_(novel) Nov. 6, 2021, 7:59 a.m. No.14936897   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14936762

>>14936852

>>14936858

>>14936865

>>14936886

>>14936887

>. super important feels from last knights dookie booms. taste moar gehy cock gasms like elon or some shit licker >>10070856 >let gehy cock gasms gaylord flavors and signauer thauces lure you into teh light flat texas buttjoosnazi

>>14936739

>so does danielfaggot marry the alex jones walrus or the bill barr walrus or the huber walrus or the durham walrus >>11104365 >>11104345 >bribed to fehgel? >>11104337 >>11104320 >>sure would be nice if we could research something besides a zombie's lust for betrayers of kindred gossip > >cause these old faggots just go tongue to cheek like a …

 

>Disclaimer: this post and the subject matter and contents thereof - text, media, or otherwise - do not necessarily reflect the views of the 8kun administration.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:02 a.m. No.14936917   🗄️.is 🔗kun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faggot_voter hireling eligible to vote as nominal titleholder of part of a subdivided property

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:03 a.m. No.14936926   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6927 >>6933

A faggot, in the meaning of "bundle", is an archaic English unit applied to bundles of certain items. Alternate spellings in Early Modern English include fagate, faget, fagett, faggott, fagot, fagatt, fagott, ffagott, and faggat.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:04 a.m. No.14936927   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6933

>>14936926

Background

 

Sometimes called a short faggot, a faggot of sticks equals a bundle of wood sticks or billets that is 3 feet (90 cm) in length and 2 feet (60 cm) in circumference.[1] The measurement was standardised in ordinances by 1474.[1]A small short faggot was also called a nicket.[2] A brush-faggot (sometimes shortened to brush) was a bundle of similar size made of brushwood.[3]

 

A long faggot of sticks equals a bundle larger than 3 feet (90 cm) long. In a book on slang used at Winchester College fire-dogs were fire basket (andirons) that could hold long faggots, and half-faggots were smaller andirons that could only hold short faggots and were later converted for use with coal.[4]

 

A long faggot was also called a kidd faggot,[5] kid, kide, or kidde being Middle English for firewood in bundles.[6]

 

A fascine (or bavin[3]) is a type of long faggot which is approximately 13 to 20 feet (4 to 6 m) long and 8 to 9 inches (20 to 23 cm) in diameter and used to maintain earthworks such as trenches.[7][8][9]

 

A faggot was also a unit of weight used to measure iron or steel rods or bars totaling 120 pounds (54 kg).[1]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 faggot sauce Nov. 6, 2021, 8:04 a.m. No.14936933   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6934

>>14936926

>>14936927

References

 

Zupko, Ronald Edward (1985). A Dictionary of Weights and Measures for the British Isles: The Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. 168. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 9780871691682.

Halliwell, John Orchard (2006). A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words: Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs from the Fourteenth Century J-Z. 2. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 9781428627642.

Wright, Joseph (1898). The English Dialect Dictionary, Being the Complete Vocabulary of All Dialect Words Still in Use, Or Known to Have Been in Use During the Last Two Hundred Years: A-E. H. Frowde.

Stevens, Charles; Stray, Christopher (1998). Winchester notions: the English dialect of Winchester College. Athlone Press. ISBN 9780485121384.

Yaxley, David (2003). A Researcher's Glossary of Words Found in Historical Documents of East Anglia. Larks Press, ISBN 9781904006138

Frances McSparran (ed.). Middle English Compendium. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library.

The New Quarterly Review and Digest of Current Literature, British, American, French, and German. For the Year 1855. London: Thomas Bosworth.

Editorial staff (1871). The English Mechanic and World of Science. 12. p. 168.

Nolan, Cathal J. (2008). Wars of the Age of Louis XIV, 1650-1715: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313359200.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:06 a.m. No.14936941   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6943 >>6953

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faggot_voter (Redirected from Faggot vote)

Jump to navigation

Jump to search

 

A faggot voter or faggot was a person who qualified to vote in an election with a restricted suffrage only by the exploitation of loopholes in the regulations. Typically, faggot voters satisfied a property qualification by holding the title to a subdivision of a large property with a single beneficial owner. Faggot voting was a common electoral abuse in the United Kingdom until the electoral reforms of the late 19th century.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:06 a.m. No.14936943   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6945 >>6953 >>7045

>>14936941

Etymology

 

The word faggot originally meant a piece or bundle of gathered firewood. It was later applied to civilians added to a military muster roll purely to make up the numbers rather than to serve as soldiers. The extension from muster rolls to electoral rolls is attested from 1817.[1]

Practices

 

In the Unreformed House of Commons, and for decades after the Reform Act 1832, voting in a geographical constituency was restricted to those with an "interest" (i.e. property) in the constituency, generally in the form of real estate. If a landowner subdivided a single property into multiple units, and transferred the title of each unit into the name of a separate person, each titleholder could then register to vote.[2] These "faggot voters" were expected to vote according to the wishes of the original landowner; the lack of secret ballot ensured they complied with the landowner's wishes. Prohibition of vote buying was difficult to enforce if the faggot was an employee of the landowner. There was no requirement for a voter to be resident; the landowner and faggot voter might both reside outside the constituency.[2]

 

Although the original forty shilling freehold suffrage of 1432 applied to freehold rather than leasehold, it had been widened gradually over the centuries, increasing the number of loopholes by which faggot voters might register.[2] Edward Porritt found the earliest instances of faggot voting in the 1620s under Charles I.[2] The Parliamentary Elections Act 1695 (7 & 8 Will. III c.25) prohibited subdivision of tenements for this purpose.[1] In the 18th century, a freehold would be conveyed to the faggot just before the election, and back again straight after the vote.[3]

 

The sheriffs of the City of London are elected by the liverymen of the livery companys. Richard Causton, himself an MP and liveryman, said in the debate on the Local Government Act 1888 that "anyone who wanted a vote could go down to the City with £12 in his pocket, and get the right to vote … There were liverymen who had no connection with the City beyond the fact that they were faggot voters". His amendment to restrict the vote to "men who had business in the City of London" was defeated.[4]

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:06 a.m. No.14936945   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6950 >>6953

>>14936943

Abolition

 

Subdivision of property other than to bona fide titleholders was prohibited for the franchise in borough constituencies by the Representation of the People Act 1867 and in county constituencies by the Representation of the People Act 1884. However, previously enrolled faggot voters retained their vote until death. This was rendered irrelevant by the Representation of the People Act 1918, which introduced manhood suffrage.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:06 a.m. No.14936950   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6953

>>14936945

See also

 

iconPolitics portal flagUnited Kingdom portal

 

Ballot stuffing

Ghost voter

Parliamentary franchise in the U.K. 1885–1918

Prevention of electoral fraud

Manhood suffrage

Pocket borough

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 faggot vote sauce Nov. 6, 2021, 8:07 a.m. No.14936953   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6956

>>14936941

>>14936943

>>14936945

>>14936950

>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faggot_voter (Redirected from Faggot vote)

References

 

Bradley, Henry (1901). "faggot-vote". In James Murray (ed.). Oxford English Dictionary. 4 (part 1) (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 20.

Porritt, Edward (1903). "II: The County Franchise". The Unreformed House of Commons: Parliamentary Representation before 1832. 1: England and Wales. assisted by Annie G. Porritt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–24.

Farrant, John H. (2001). "The family circle and career of William Burrell, antiquary". Sussex Archaeological Collections. 139: 169–85. doi:10.5284/1086479.

Mr Richard Causton, Member for Southwark West (12 July 1888). "Application of Act to Boroughs, the Metropolis, and Certain Special Counties". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. col. 1182–1183.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:08 a.m. No.14936958   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6962

>>14936956

Faggot voter

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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A faggot voter or faggot was a person who qualified to vote in an election with a restricted suffrage only by the exploitation of loopholes in the regulations. Typically, faggot voters satisfied a property qualification by holding the title to a subdivision of a large property with a single beneficial owner. Faggot voting was a common electoral abuse in the United Kingdom until the electoral reforms of the late 19th century.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:08 a.m. No.14936962   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14936958

Etymology

 

The word faggot originally meant a piece or bundle of gathered firewood. It was later applied to civilians added to a military muster roll purely to make up the numbers rather than to serve as soldiers. The extension from muster rolls to electoral rolls is attested from 1817.[1]

Practices

 

In the Unreformed House of Commons, and for decades after the Reform Act 1832, voting in a geographical constituency was restricted to those with an "interest" (i.e. property) in the constituency, generally in the form of real estate. If a landowner subdivided a single property into multiple units, and transferred the title of each unit into the name of a separate person, each titleholder could then register to vote.[2] These "faggot voters" were expected to vote according to the wishes of the original landowner; the lack of secret ballot ensured they complied with the landowner's wishes. Prohibition of vote buying was difficult to enforce if the faggot was an employee of the landowner. There was no requirement for a voter to be resident; the landowner and faggot voter might both reside outside the constituency.[2]

 

Although the original forty shilling freehold suffrage of 1432 applied to freehold rather than leasehold, it had been widened gradually over the centuries, increasing the number of loopholes by which faggot voters might register.[2] Edward Porritt found the earliest instances of faggot voting in the 1620s under Charles I.[2] The Parliamentary Elections Act 1695 (7 & 8 Will. III c.25) prohibited subdivision of tenements for this purpose.[1] In the 18th century, a freehold would be conveyed to the faggot just before the election, and back again straight after the vote.[3]

 

The sheriffs of the City of London are elected by the liverymen of the livery companys. Richard Causton, himself an MP and liveryman, said in the debate on the Local Government Act 1888 that "anyone who wanted a vote could go down to the City with £12 in his pocket, and get the right to vote … There were liverymen who had no connection with the City beyond the fact that they were faggot voters". His amendment to restrict the vote to "men who had business in the City of London" was defeated.[4]

Abolition

 

Subdivision of property other than to bona fide titleholders was prohibited for the franchise in borough constituencies by the Representation of the People Act 1867 and in county constituencies by the Representation of the People Act 1884. However, previously enrolled faggot voters retained their vote until death. This was rendered irrelevant by the Representation of the People Act 1918, which introduced manhood suffrage.

See also

 

iconPolitics portal flagUnited Kingdom portal

 

Ballot stuffing

Ghost voter

Parliamentary franchise in the U.K. 1885–1918

Prevention of electoral fraud

Manhood suffrage

Pocket borough

 

References

 

Bradley, Henry (1901). "faggot-vote". In James Murray (ed.). Oxford English Dictionary. 4 (part 1) (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 20.

Porritt, Edward (1903). "II: The County Franchise". The Unreformed House of Commons: Parliamentary Representation before 1832. 1: England and Wales. assisted by Annie G. Porritt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 22–24.

Farrant, John H. (2001). "The family circle and career of William Burrell, antiquary". Sussex Archaeological Collections. 139: 169–85. doi:10.5284/1086479.

 

Mr Richard Causton, Member for Southwark West (12 July 1888). "Application of Act to Boroughs, the Metropolis, and Certain Special Counties". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. col. 1182–1183.

 

Categories:

 

Electoral fraudPolitical history of the United KingdomParliament of the United Kingdom

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:10 a.m. No.14936976   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>6984

The Fire and Faggot Parliament was an English Parliament held in May 1414 during the reign of Henry V.[1] It was held in Grey Friars Priory in Leicester, and the Speaker was Walter Hungerford. It is named for passing the Suppression of Heresy Act, which called for burning the Lollards with bundles of sticks ("faggots").

 

that whoever should read the Scriptures in English (which was then called Wicliffe's Learning) should forfeit land, cattle, goods, and life, and be condemned as heretics to God, enemies to the crown, and traitors to the kingdom; that they should not have the benefit of any sanctuary, though this was a privilege then granted to the most notorious malefactors; and that, if they continued obstinate, or relapsed after pardon, they should first be hanged for treason against the king, and then burned for heresy against God.

 

The decision was inspired by the 1199 decretal Vergentis in senium of Pope Innocent III. The Parliament also confirmed Archbishop Arundel's policy of licensing books for publication:

 

no book… be from henceforth read… within our province of Canterbury aforesaid, except the same be first examined by the University of Oxford or Cambridge… and… expressly approved and allowed by us or our successors, and in the name and authority of the university… delivered unto the stationers to be copied out.

 

The king received the rights to “Tonnage and Poundage” for life from this Parliament. This precedent was continued for all Monarchs until the Useless Parliament in 1625 when Charles I was granted the right for only one year.

References

 

"1414", History of Parliament online, 1386–1421, retrieved 7 February 2013.

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:11 a.m. No.14936984   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14936976

>The Fire and Faggot Parliament was an English Parliament held in May 1414 during the reign of Henry V.[1] It was held in Grey Friars Priory in Leicester, and the Speaker was Walter Hungerford. It is named for passing the Suppression of Heresy Act, which called for burning the Lollards with bundles of sticks ("faggots").

 

> that whoever should read the Scriptures in English (which was then called Wicliffe's Learning) should forfeit land, cattle, goods, and life, and be condemned as heretics to God, enemies to the crown, and traitors to the kingdom; that they should not have the benefit of any sanctuary, though this was a privilege then granted to the most notorious malefactors; and that, if they continued obstinate, or relapsed after pardon, they should first be hanged for treason against the king, and then burned for heresy against God.

 

>The decision was inspired by the 1199 decretal Vergentis in senium of Pope Innocent III. The Parliament also confirmed Archbishop Arundel's policy of licensing books for publication:

 

> no book… be from henceforth read… within our province of Canterbury aforesaid, except the same be first examined by the University of Oxford or Cambridge… and… expressly approved and allowed by us or our successors, and in the name and authority of the university… delivered unto the stationers to be copied out.

 

>The king received the rights to “Tonnage and Poundage” for life from this Parliament. This precedent was continued for all Monarchs until the Useless Parliament in 1625 when Charles I was granted the right for only one year.

 

>References

 

>"1414", History of Parliament online, 1386–1421, retrieved 7 February 2013.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_and_Faggot_Parliament

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:12 a.m. No.14936986   🗄️.is 🔗kun

Licensed to Ill (redirect from Don't Be a Faggot)

United States. The group originally wanted to title the album Don't Be a Faggot, but Columbia Records refused to release the album under this title—arguing

29 KB (2,268 words) - 17:17, 3 November 2021 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Be_a_Faggot

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:13 a.m. No.14936995   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7002

muhbloodlines FAGGOT

Jacob Faggot (13 March 1699 – 28 February 1777)[1] was a Swedish scientist.

Life and career

 

Faggot was educated at Uppsala University and later worked as a tutor of Swedish political leader Nils Reuterholm.

 

From 1727 onwards, he worked in the Lantmäterikontoret (surveying office) as a surveyor and geometry teacher. He became its director in 1747. On his initiative Sweden printed their first cadastral maps. His interest in reforming Swedish agriculture led him to implement the Storskiftet (great shift) similar to the British model, begun in 1749.[2] He was involved in the mapping of Finland and led storskiftesverket in both Finland and Scania.

 

From 1733 to 1739, Faggot served on the Tabellkommissionen (Commission for the adjustment of weights and measures). He later served as a member of the Commission to oversee and improve forestry schemes.

 

He became a founding member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1739, serving as secretary from 1741 to 1744 and again from 1757 to 1760.[3] He criticized the organization for using Latin instead of Swedish, which led to his founding the breakaway group Tungomålsgillet (Language Guild). Due to opposition from the Royal Academy, he was unable to get a charter for the organization.

 

Faggot assisted in creating the first Census in Sweden in 1749. In later life, he published on agricultural topics. His work researching genealogies via hemmansklyvning (division of inherited family lands) led to increased interest in population studies and local history.

 

In 1730, Faggot married Elisabeth Ehrenström; the couple had five children.

 

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences posthumously awarded a medal to Faggot in 1778.[4]

Selected bibliography

 

Historien om svenska landtmäteriet och geographie ("The history of the Swedish surveying office and geographers")

Svenska landtbrukets hinder ock hjälp ("Swedish agricultural barriers and help")[5]

 

References

 

Scobbie, Irene (2010). The A to Z of Sweden. Rowman & Littlefield, ISBN 9780810872189

Palo, Matti; Lehto, Erkki (2012). Private Or Socialistic Forestry?: Forest Transition in Finland Vs. Deforestation in the Tropics. Springer, ISBN 9789048138951

Wagner, Peter (2006). The Languages in Civil Society. Berghahn Books, ISBN 9781845451189

Helander Hans (2004). Neo-Latin literature in Sweden in the period 1620-1720 Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Studia Latina Upsaliensia, Volume 29. Almquist & Wiksell

Roberts Michael (2003). The Age of Liberty: Sweden 1719-1772. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521527071

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 raise the veal Nov. 6, 2021, 8:15 a.m. No.14937013   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7014

Pages in category "1777 deaths"

 

The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 313 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

(previous page) (next page)

A

 

Aaron ben Meir of Brest

Anton Cajetan Adlgasser

James Agnew (British Army officer)

John Stratford, 1st Earl of Aldborough

John Allen Farm Massacre

Álvaro Eugenio de Mendoza Caamaño y Sotomayor

Charles Amcotts

Katharine Greene Amory

Jacob Johan Anckarström the Elder

Juliana Annesley, Countess of Anglesey

Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford

 

B

 

Johann Ernst Bach (musician at Saxe-Weimar)

Jean Charles Baquoy

Emanuele Barbella

Spranger Barry

John Bartram

Andrea Basili

Friedrich Baum

Jean-Baptiste Bécœur

Robert Bénard

Maxim Berezovsky

Nicola Bertucci

Jacob Bicker Raije

John Blackwood (art dealer)

Celia Grillo Borromeo

Jean Bouillet

Louis François de La Bourdonnaye

Samuel Bowen

William Bowyer (printer)

Bernhard Christoph Breitkopf

Heinrich von Breymann

Gabriel Briard

Charles de Brosses

Thomas Broughton (divine)

Edward Browne (priest)

Archibald Bulloch

Edward Buncombe

William Byrd III

 

C

 

William Cadell

Francisco Cajigal de la Vega

Walter Blackett

Guillaume Cammas

John Campbell of Cawdor

Pierre-Charles Canot

Raphael Hayyim Isaac Carregal

Johann Friedrich Cartheuser

John Tuchet, 8th Earl of Castlehaven

Ralph Cawley

Anna Chamber

Charles Chauncey (physician)

Johann Joseph Christian

John Clavering (British Army officer)

Nathaniel Clements

Sir Francis Clerke, 7th Baronet

John Cleveley the Elder

Andrew Cochrane

John Cole (judge)

Marco Coltellini

Hubert de Brienne

Charles Congreve

Pierre Contant d'Ivry

Cornstalk

Countess Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen

Guillaume Coustou the Younger

Johann Andreas Cramer

Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon

Henry Cunningam

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:16 a.m. No.14937014   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7021

>>14937013

D

 

Charles Frederick d'Arensbourg

Dai Zhen

Nicholas Thomas Dall

Nguyễn Cửu Đàm

Thomas Dampier (priest)

Lorenzo De Caro

Edward Southwell, 20th Baron de Clifford

John West, 2nd Earl De La Warr

Antoine-François, marquis de Lambertye

Thomas Maude, 1st Baron de Montalt

Jean-Baptiste Thillaie Delaborde

Antoine François Desrues

Catherine Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire

Claude François Devosge

Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau

William Dodd (priest)

Doi Toshisato

Sebastiano Dolci

Carl von Donop

Pierre-Herman Dosquet

William Douglas (colonel)

May Drummond

Moses Dunbar

Colin Dunlop of Carmyle

 

E

 

Ernst Eichner

Elisabeth Real

Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto

Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben

Enrichetta d'Este

William Ewen

Venn Eyre

 

F

 

Jacob Faggot

Faiz Mohammad Khan

Henry Fane of Wormsley

Francis Fawkes

Giuseppe Fede

Ann Fenwick

Henry Ferguson (politician)

James Ferguson, Lord Pitfour

Buenaventura Fernández de Córdoba Spínola

Hermann Fictuld

Edmund Finn (printer)

William Fisher (Nova Scotia politician)

Thomas Foley, 1st Baron Foley (1716–1777)

Samuel Foote

William Foreman

James Fortescue (poet)

Edward France

Simon Fraser of Balnain

Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

Elisha Freeman

Friederike Charlotte of Hesse-Darmstadt

Nicolaus Christian Friis

John Fulham

Rose Fuller

 

G

 

Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin

George I (Miskito)

Ahmed al-Ghazzal

Anna Marcella Giffard

James Glen

Thomas Glenn (pioneer)

Sir John Glynne, 6th Baronet

Captain Abraham Godwin

Joannes Goermans

Thomas Gore (MP)

William Gostling

Matthew Gregory (deacon)

Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset

John Grey (MP for Bridgnorth)

Grigore III Ghica

Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi

Laurens Theodorus Gronovius

Philipp Wilhelm Grüneberg

Button Gwinnett

 

H

 

Ivazzade Halil Pasha

Albrecht von Haller

Jonathan Hampton

Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt

John Hart (soldier)

John Haslet

Dismas Hataš

William Hayes (composer)

Leopold Philip de Heister

Henrietta Polyxena of Vasaborg

Nicholas Herkimer

Daniel Hitchcock

Joab Hoisington

Hori Naohiro (Suzaka)

Nathaniel Hurd

Charles Huson

Nicholas Hyett

 

I

 

William O'Brien, 4th Earl of Inchiquin

 

J

 

Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski

Sir Stephen Janssen, 4th Baronet

Jo Eom

John the Painter

Antonio Joli

Joseph I of Portugal

Bernard de Jussieu

 

K

 

Antun Kanižlić

Basil Keith

Hugh Kelly (poet)

Frederick Keppel

Almas Khan-e Kanoule'ei

Alexander Kincaid

William Kirkpatrick (Scottish MP)

György Klimó

Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet

 

L

 

Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon

Johann Heinrich Lambert

Eustachius De Lannoy

Mary Latter

Simon Le Duc

Jean-Marie Leclair the younger

William Leslie (British Army officer)

Thomas Lewis (1690–1777)

Louise Du Londel

Ivan Lovrić

Robert Lowther (1741–1777)

Lý Tài

 

M

 

Stephen Caesar Le Maistre

Manaji Rao Scindia

Jean Marteilhe

Alexandre-Frédéric-Jacques Masson de Pezay

Mary Mathew

Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria

Carlo Mazza

Jane McCrea

David McGregore

Georg Friedrich Meier

Hugh Mercer

Mihael Summa

Gian Benedetto Mittarelli

 

(previous page) (next page)

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:16 a.m. No.14937021   🗄️.is 🔗kun   >>7024

>>14937014

Pages in category "1777 deaths"

 

The following 113 pages are in this category, out of approximately 313 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

(previous page) (next page)

M

 

Alexandre Guillaume Mouslier de Moissy

Marco Molin

Charles Montagu (British Army officer)

James Moore (Continental Army officer)

John Morton (American politician)

John Murray of Broughton

 

N

 

Francis Nash

Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz

Charles-Joseph Natoire

Nguyễn Phúc Dương

Nguyễn Phúc Thuần

Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay

Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:17 a.m. No.14937024   🗄️.is 🔗kun

>>14937021

O

 

Charles O'Gara

William Oram

 

P

 

Juan Bernabé Palomino

Claude Parfaict

Armstead Parker

Henry Parker (Georgia official)

Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet

Francesco Pavona

Dolly Pentreath

Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin

Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria

George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot

Gabriel Podoski

Seth Pomeroy

Walter Pompe

Juliana Popjoy

Thomas Potter (Universalist)

Pratap Singh Shah

Samuel Prescott

Chase Price

Princess Benedetta d'Este

Thomas Farnolls Pritchard

 

Q

 

Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar

Mir Qasim

Catherine Douglas, Duchess of Queensberry

 

R

 

James Rait

Jeremias Friedrich Reuß

Edward Richard

Matthew Ridley (barrister)

Jeremias van Riemsdijk

Sir Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet

Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart

Richard Rock

Peter Romney

Jacques François Rosart

John Rosbrugh

Luca Rosetti

 

S

 

Sebastian Sailer

Philippe Saint-Sevin

Antonio Narciso de Santa María

Giuseppe Scarlatti

Cornelia Schlosser

Otto Magnus von Schwerin

Johann Andreas Segner

Giuseppe Sellitti

Yakov Shakhovskoy

Shalom Sharabi

Consort Shu

Henry Clarke (theologian)

Pierre-Paul Sirven

James Small (Scottish factor)

Robert Smith (architect)

William Howard South

Troiano Spinelli

Johan Stålbom

Henry Stauffer

Ludovico Stern

Sir John Strachan, 5th Baronet

Ulrica Catharina Stromberg

James Stuart of Binend

Mikel Suma

Alexander Sumarokov

John Swinton (1703–1777)

 

T

 

René-Prosper Tassin

Peter Taylor (paymaster)

Tekle Haymanot II

William Tennent III

Richard Terrick

Philip Tisdall

Nockold Tompson

Peter Toms (painter)

Luigi Maria Torregiani

Browse Trist

Philippe Charles Tronson du Coudray

Marianne Trotter

Thomas Tullideph

 

V

 

Edward Vail

Sir Joshua Vanneck, 1st Baronet

Agostino Viale

Jean-Baptiste de Voglie

Robert Vyner (1686–1777)

 

W

 

Georg Christoph Wagenseil

George Walker (privateer)

Ricardo Wall

Wand Bewossen

Wang Xihou

John White (Major)

Lambert Wickes

William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe

Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet

John Wood (Isle of Man governor)

Henry Woodward (English actor)

Richard Woodward (organist)

David Wooster

Ann Wyley

Thomas Wyndham (of Hammersmith)

John Wynyard

 

X

 

Empress Xiaoshengxian

 

Y

 

Thomas Young (American revolutionary)

 

Z

 

Francesco Maria Zanotti

Anonymous ID: 6a64d8 Nov. 6, 2021, 8:44 a.m. No.14937190   🗄️.is 🔗kun

the Mahdi is associated with the belief in the occultation, that the Mahdi is a "hidden Imam" who has already been born and who will one day …