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7 Days Before Obama Gives Away Internet & National Security
Jody WestbyContributor
Sep 24, 2016,02:44pm EDT
This article is more than 5 years old.
In one week, President Obama will allow what remains of the United States' control over the Internet to pass to a California non-profit organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). This is a reckless and dangerous decision that has serious national security consequences that have not been fully considered.
Currently, ICANN has a contract with the Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to manage the naming and numbering functions associated with the Internet. The most important of these is the assignment of Internet Protocol Addresses (IP Addresses) to domain names. This is called the IANA function Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. ICANN performs this function pursuant to its contract, then NTIA reviews the assignment, and authorizes Verisign to post the IP Address to the "A server" the authoritative root zone server that is the "master" file of all IP Addresses. This A server is replicated to all of the other root zone servers globally on a daily basis. This is how a domain name gets online.
Domain Name -IP Address Assigned -> NTIA Reviews & Authorizes -→ Verisign Posts
Thus, the integrity of every IP Address for every domain name on the Internet is under U.S. control and stewardship. The NTIA contract with ICANN expires October 1, 2016. Even though it could be extended for any period through September 2019, upon expiration, President Obama has agreed to let the Department of Commerce hand full control over the IANA functions to ICANN, effectively ceding the last control that the U.S. has over the Internet to an ambitious non-profit organization that will have no ties to the U.S. Government.
To be fair, some people are very much in favor of the transfer. Some claim that getting the government out and transferring all authority to ICANN will help ensure a multi-stakeholder process to Internet governance and shared authority over the Internet. Others claim the transfer will help ensure freedom of expression because giving our control to ICANN will keep the Internet out of the hands of the UN and its International Telecommunications Union (ITU), where Russia and China have been grasping for it. These governance issues, however, have overshadowed the national security considerations and proper attention has not been given to the importance of our control over the IANA function. We don't need to throw the baby out with the bath water. Solutions can be designed to meet legitimate concerns of users and nation states, while preserving national security interests.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jodywestby/2016/09/24/7-days-before-obama-gives-away-internet-national-security/?sh=7ce6f1bd30d4
chage(1) — Linux manual page
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | NOTE | CONFIGURATION | FILES | EXIT VALUES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON
CHAGE(1) User Commands CHAGE(1)
NAME top
chage - change user password expiry information
SYNOPSIS top
chage [options] LOGIN
DESCRIPTION top
The chage command changes the number of days between password
changes and the date of the last password change. This
information is used by the system to determine when a user must
change their password.