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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium; German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a political entity[17][18] in Western, Central and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.[19]
From the accession of Otto I in 962 until the twelfth century, the Empire was the most powerful monarchy in Europe.[20] Andrew Holt characterizes it as "perhaps the most powerful European state of the Middle Age".[21] Centralized control dwindled around the 1250s.[22]
On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the earlier ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. In theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered primus inter pares, regarded as first among equals amongst other Catholic monarchs across Europe.[23] The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in 924. The title was revived again in 962 when Otto I, King of Germany, was crowned emperor, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne[24] and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries.[25][26][e] Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire,[27][28] while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning.[29][30] Henry the Fowler, the founder of the medieval German state (ruled 919 – 936),[31] has sometimes been considered the founder of the Empire as well.[32] The modern view favours Otto as the true founder.[33] Scholars generally concur in relating an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, describing a gradual assumption of the imperial title and role.[34][27]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire