FEDNOW CBDC go-live July 2023
Without FEDNOW, you won't get 'fed, now'. Sick fucks.
https://www.frbservices.org/financial-services/fednow
guess where aborted brain tissue goes?
bio-quantum comupting
Scientists Taught Living Brain Cells To Play Pong, And It Worked
The study is said to be the first that establishes the capability of assembled in-vitro neurons to respond to external stimuli in an adaptive manner.
A team of science wizards has managed to teach a bunch of isolated brain cells how to play pong, and surprisingly, these cells learned the craft quicker than an AI chip alone. Scientists have long been fascinated with the brain’s extraordinary capabilities, and have even tried to simulate some of its characteristics to speed up the pace of computing in the modern era. Major stakeholders such as Intel and IBM have been tinkering with concepts such as neuromorphic chips for a while now.
All the way back in 2006, a team of European researchers created what they called a “neuro-chip” which had brain cells glued with special proteins on a silicon chip that had thousands of transistors. A lot of new breakthroughs have been achieved since then, with even some big names like Samsung jumping on the bandwagon. Earlier this year, Samsung detailed a new method for creating a neuromorphic chip that involves copying the brain’s map on a 3D-stacked memory chip.
Related: AI Brains Might Need Human-Like Sleep Cycles To Be Reliable
Now, a company named Cortical Labs claimed in a research paper that it trained a sample of in-vitro brain cells to learn the game of pong faster than an AI. The research on isolated brain cells and their activity has been a topic of fascination for scientists. Experts at the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences in California recently reported growing miniature brains in a lab that evolved into neural networks, just like the human brain. Critical Labs has gone a step ahead by training these brain cells in simple tasks like understanding the game of pong, a first-of-its-kind achievement in the area of mini-brain research. The system is called DishBrain that has brain cells growing on a microelectrode array to stimulate the neural network. In a somewhat similar experiment, another team recently managed to create self-replicating robots made from embryonic cells of a frog species.
Another Leap At Unraveling The Brain
The team at Cortical Labs trained the brain cells using the single-player version of pong. The process involved electrically stimulating the left or the right electrode array to indicate where the pong ball is. Once the signal was fed, the neurons in these isolated brain cells will move the paddle according to the ball’s location. The neuron activity is what leads to paddle movement in the virtual world where the game is being played. The premise sounds somewhat like The Matrix films, and the team doesn’t shy away from that comparison either. “We think it’s fair to call them cyborg brains. We often refer to them as living in the Matrix. When they are in the game, they believe they are the paddle,” Cortical Labs chief Brett Kagan was quoted as saying by NewScientist. DishBrain is faster than a conventional AI at learning a single game called pong, but it is no match for the advanced prowess of something like Google-backed DeepMind.
Talking comparisons, DishBrain learned pong in 10 to 15 rallies, where each rally denotes a 15-minute session. For an AI, learning the game is said to take about 5,000 rallies. The research paper notes that “learning was apparent within five minutes of real-time gameplay.” However, the neural architecture of DishBran is relatively simple because of the small number of cells, which means its potential is limited compared to 3D brain cell stacks in sentient beings. But the key takeaway is that in-vitro brain cells can self-organize and display intelligent behavior when handled in a simulated game-world. Scientists are far from aping the human brain’s design to make an unhinged super-intelligent AI, but these small steps are promising.
Next: Scientists Team Up With AI To Develop Treatment For Childhood Brain Cancer
https://screenrant.com/human-brain-computer-chip-copy-paste/
Samsung Wants To 'Copy And Paste' The Human Brain
Samsung says it wants to take the next leap into neuromorphic computing by recording a mammalian brain map and pasting it on a next-gen memory chip.
With the goal of creating a next-generation artificial intelligence, Samsung is working on neuromorphic engineering that seeks to copy the fundamental neuron connectivity of a mammalian brain on a system of memory networks. Samsung is not the only major player in the field, as companies like Intel and IBM are also working on similar projects and have even demonstrated neuromorphic systems in the past decade. The core idea behind neuromorphic engineering is to somehow mimic the activity of neurons — nerve cells that are building blocks of the human brain — and employ it on computing chips, taking their performance and energy efficiency to the next level.
One area that neuromorphic engineering aims to revolutionize is Artificial Intelligence. From smartphones to high-power computing machines, the current-gen AI models have to be trained on huge data sets so that they can learn to respond to certain queries and adapt to user preferences over time. But a neural system offers more flexibility, as it can generate answers even where there are a lot of restrictions. There are a ton of challenges, too, such as the development of a whole new type of memory, storage, and sensors. Moreover, conventional data encoding and processing concepts will have to be reworked, and the need for writing a new programming language will likely be a hurdle as well.
Related: Elon Musk's Neuralink Can Stream Music To Your Brain Claim Explained
Samsung, in collaboration with experts from Harvard University, has now detailed a new approach for creating a neuromorphic chip in a research paper titled ‘Neuromorphic Electronics Based on Copying and Pasting the Brain’ that has been published in Nature. As the name suggests, Samsung aims to copy the neuron connectivity map of a mammalian brain (or a section of it) and paste it on a high-density 3D network of solid-state memory. The goal is to copy brain attributes such as low power requirement, cognition and autonomy capabilities, and adaptability, and employ the learnings to create a neuromorphic chip for advanced computing scenarios.
The Road To Reverse Engineering The Brain Begins With A Chip
The first step towards achieving the aforementioned goal is copying the brain’s natural neuronal network (NNN) and mimicking its innate processing capabilities. Samsung aims to accomplish that using a silicon neuro-electronic interface called the CMOS nanoelectrode array (CNEA). The CNEA is said to be capable of copying the NNN’s functional synaptic connectivity map. The team behind the project aims to extract the connectivity map from the network-wide intracellular recording data obtained from live and functioning neurons cultured in laboratory conditions. Once the data has been copied, the next phase is pasting it on a network of conductive memories, a system where each memory unit is said to represent the strength of a corresponding biological synaptic connection.
As for the memory chip selection, Samsung is exploring everything from DRAM and flash memory to next-gen solutions such as Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), Phase-Change Magnetic Random Access Memory (PRAM), and Resistive Magnetic Random Access Memory (RRAM). Even though many of them are far from commercial adoption, each one brings its own set of advantages and leaves the doors open for a better implementation. And to solve the space constraint for a memory system with millions of sub-units, Samsung aims to use 3D stacking to reduce the surface area. The research says the copy-pasting technique represents some essential aspects of the brain’s computing and might act as the first step towards brain reverse engineering, despite the existing challenges.
>in-vitro brain cells
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471005v2
In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world
Abstract
Integrating neurons into digital systems to leverage their innate intelligence may enable performance infeasible with silicon alone, along with providing insight into the cellular origin of intelligence. We developed DishBrain, a system which exhibits natural intelligence by harnessing the inherent adaptive computation of neurons in a structured environment. In vitro neural networks from human or rodent origins, are integrated with in silico computing via high-density multielectrode array. Through electrophysiological stimulation and recording, cultures were embedded in a simulated game-world, mimicking the arcade game ‘Pong’. Applying a previously untestable theory of active inference via the Free Energy Principle, we found that learning was apparent within five minutes of real-time gameplay, not observed in control conditions. Further experiments demonstrate the importance of closed-loop structured feedback in eliciting learning over time. Cultures display the ability to self-organise in a goal-directed manner in response to sparse sensory information about the consequences of their actions.
you can say 'she' a million times…
FDA Roundup: December 6, 2022
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is providing an at-a-glance summary of news from around the agency:
• Today, the FDA issued a final guidance, Homeopathic Drug Products, describing the agency’s approach to prioritizing enforcement and regulatory actions for homeopathic products marketed in the U.S. without the required FDA approval. The FDA has developed a risk-based approach under which the Agency intends to prioritize specific categories of homeopathic drug products that potentially pose a higher risk to public health, such as those intended for populations at greater risk for adverse reactions, including those with weakened immune systems, infants and children, the elderly, and pregnant women, as well as ophthalmic and injectable products, because the routes of administration for these products bypass some of the body’s natural defenses. The agency anticipates many homeopathic drug products will fall outside the categories of drug products it intends to prioritize for enforcement and regulatory action. There are no FDA-approved products labeled as homeopathic, and the agency cannot ensure these drugs meet standards for safety, effectiveness, and quality. Previously, the FDA warned the public about certain homeopathic products, including those containing a toxic substance and ones recalled due to contamination.
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/07/2022-26567/homeopathic-drug-products-guidance-for-food-and-drug-administration-staff-and-industry-availability
hmm.
woods said he was leaving social media just days ago…
professional liars = 'actors'
careful who you follow.
they thought you would follow the stars.
>someone…
How about James Woods? Elon Musk? they seem to like using twitter to call, attention to things, but not pedowood for some reason.
Why is that?