Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 7:04 p.m. No.18587286   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun

In 2015, the Spanish Parliament passed a law recognizing the descendants of Jews expelled in 1492 as Spanish citizens. The deadline to file an application was October 1, 2019.

Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 7:29 p.m. No.18587358   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7382

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_agricultural_colonies_in_the_Russian_Empire

 

Jewish agricultural colonies became more successful than the Russian government initially expected. Some Jewish agricultural colonies turned into full-fledged Jewish shtetls with thriving merchant businesses not related to the agricultural activities originally chartered. Other kolonii became the centres for new cash crops such as sugar beets, winter wheat, or sunflowers, which particularly made Ukraine the breadbasket for all of Europe. The sugar-beet industry produced more sugar in Europe than any other source, until tropical sugar-cane crops took over in the 20th century. The Russian sugar-beet industry was controlled by Jewish families associated with the Jewish agricultural colonies, such as the wealthy Brodsky family, financial magnates based in Kiev.

Russian Jewish agricultural colonies became models for communal agricultural efforts worldwide. Karl Marx cited the kolonii as examples of workers taking control and lifting themselves up through hard work. Zionists in the early 20th century used Russian kolonii as models for kibbutzim in Israel, particularly in the Second Aliyah after 1904. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Bolshevik government carried out collectivization efforts.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komzet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OZET

Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 7:51 p.m. No.18587420   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7430

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_autonomy_in_Crimea

 

Jewish autonomy in Crimea was a project in the Soviet Union to create an autonomous region for Jews in the Crimean peninsula carried out during the 1920s and 1930s. Following the WWII and the creation of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the Far East, the project was abandoned, despite the existence of more than 80 kolkhozes and an attempt to renew the project in 1944 by the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee.

Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 7:54 p.m. No.18587430   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun

>>18587420

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birobidzhan

Birobidzhan was planned by the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer, and established in 1931. It became the administrative center of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in 1934, and town status was granted to it in 1937. The 36,000 km2 of Birobidzhan were approved by the Politburo on March 28, 1928. After the Bolshevik revolution, the Soviet Union contained two organizations that worked with the Jews settling into Birobidzhan, the KOMZET and OZET. The organizations were responsible for distribution of land as well as domestic responsibilities, ranging from moving to medical assistance. Many Jewish Canadians then gave their support to the Soviet Union by becoming either members or sympathizers with the Communist Party of Canada.

Jewish communists believed that the Soviet Union's creation of Birobidzhan was the "only true and sensible solution to the national question." The Soviet government used the slogan "To the Jewish Homeland!" to encourage Jewish workers to move to Birobidzhan. The slogan proved successful in convincing Soviet Jews as well as Jews from other countries. In 1935, Ambijan received permission from the Soviet government to aid Jewish families traveling to Birobidzhan from Poland, Romania, Lithuania and Germany. Jewish workers and engineers traveled to Birobidzhan from Argentina and the United States as well. This campaign by the Soviet government was known as the Birobidzhan Experiment.

Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 7:56 p.m. No.18587436   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7439

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jewish_Steppe

 

The Jewish Steppe is a 2001 documentary about a group of Russian Jews who, suffering as a result of prejudice and fearful of pogroms, left their homeland to farm the Crimean Peninsula. Established in the 1920s, their Soviet agrarian commune was destroyed.

 

"Why should the Jewish people go to Palestine where the land is less productive and requires big investments?" a Jewish newspaper asked at the time of the settlement, "Who go so far if the fertile Crimean land is beckoning to the Jewish people?"

At the turn of the twentieth century, antisemitism was common in Russia. Legislation was passed that limited Jews to working only in retail and handicrafts. When these laws were lifted, around the time the Russian Revolution of 1917, pogroms broke out. Approximately 30,000 Jews left for the Crimean Peninsula. Rare pictures and film footage from the Russian State Film and Photo Archive are narrated in The Jewish Steppe to explain how they lived there.

One newspaper wrote that everyone on the steppe was competing with each other to work harder. When, in 1931, famine occurred in Russia, the Jewish settlements continued to have an abundant harvest that helped feed the rest of the nation during its grain shortage.

Two years after it was settled, the area was recognized as the Soviet Union's first Jewish district. They went on to establish schools and two colleges.

"As a result of healthy life and labor," a local farmer commented in a newspaper, "peace of mind is replacing the nervousness typical for Jewish people. Movements have become measured, and faces have become calm." He went on to say that these changes were particularly noticeable in the younger generation.

Under Joseph Stalin, the commune was destroyed, leaving only archival footage and documents.

Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 7:57 p.m. No.18587439   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun

>>18587436

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews_on_Land

 

The Soviet propaganda documentary "The Jew and the Earth" was filmed by OZET as part of a campaign against anti-Semitism in the USSR in the late 1920s. The film shows how the Jewish workers colonize the Black Sea area and Crimean lands. The communes are created for successful development of the abandoned lands, in which people are living only internal colonial life. Jewish colonists are represented as one large family against the backdrop of manifestations of anti-Semitism that intensified in the USSR in the late 1920s.

Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 8:01 p.m. No.18587458   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun   >>7471

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Anti-Fascist_Committee

 

The JAC broadcast pro-Soviet propaganda to foreign audiences, assuring them of the absence of antisemitism in the Soviet Union. In 1943, Mikhoels and Itzik Feffer, the first official representatives of the Soviet Jewry allowed to visit the West, embarked on a seven-month tour to the United States, Mexico, Canada and the United Kingdom to increase their support for the Lend-Lease. In the US, they were welcomed by a National Reception Committee chaired by Albert Einstein and by B.Z. Goldberg, Sholem Aleichem's son-in-law, and American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. The largest pro-Soviet rally ever in the United States was held on July 8 at the Polo Grounds, where 50,000 people listened to Mikhoels, Feffer, Fiorello H. La Guardia, Sholem Asch, and Chairman of World Jewish Congress Rabbi Stephen Samuel Wise. Among others, they met Chaim Weizmann, Charlie Chaplin, Marc Chagall, Paul Robeson and Lion Feuchtwanger.

Anonymous ID: af863c March 26, 2023, 8:04 p.m. No.18587471   ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ.is ๐Ÿ”—kun

>>18587458

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Jewish_Colonization_in_Russia

The Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia, was a Communist-sponsored mass organization in North America devoted to supporting the settlement of Jews in new collective settlements, firstly in the newly established Ukrainian Soviet Republic and Southern Russia (Stavropol Krai), and latterly in the Jewish socialist republic of Birobidzhan in the Soviet Union. The organization was founded in the United States in 1924 and soon spread to Canada.