How the System is Rigged: The Federal Reserve as an Engine of Wealth Extraction
The Federal Reserve, created in 1913, claims to be a stabilizing force in the U.S. economy. However, beneath this mission lies a powerful machine for wealth extraction that consistently benefits financial elites over ordinary Americans. The Fed’s unique public-private structure grants Wall Street banks like JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo direct involvement in the Federal Reserve system, allowing them to profit regardless of economic conditions.
Commercial banks holding stock in the 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks receive an annual, risk-free dividend of 6%—a guaranteed payout established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 [1]. These dividends and decision-making influence mean banks gain from Fed policies, even as these policies widen wealth gaps and strain the public. Nowhere is this more apparent than at the New York Federal Reserve (NY Fed), the nerve center for Wall Street and the primary force behind Fed market operations. The NY Fed’s actions consistently align with the needs of major banks, reinforcing a system where financial elites profit while average Americans struggle to keep up.
Mechanisms of Wealth Extraction
Here is a breakdown of how the Fed’s actions create a system where policies benefit financial elites at the expense of everyone else.
Quantitative Easing (QE): Inflating Asset Prices for the Wealthy, Leaving Ordinary Americans Behind
Mechanism: Quantitative Easing (QE) allows the Fed to buy government bonds and mortgage-backed securities, pumping liquidity into financial markets. While QE is meant to lower borrowing costs and stimulate the economy, it disproportionately inflates asset prices. As asset values rise, the wealthiest Americans—who own most stocks and real estate—reap the benefits, while average Americans, with few assets, are left behind.
Evidence: During the 2008–2014 QE period, the S&P 500 rose by 140% [2], while the Case-Shiller Home Price Index surged over 30% [3]. Meanwhile, median wage growth only increased by 11% [4]. The top 10% of Americans, who own roughly 89% of all stocks [5], saw their wealth grow significantly, while most Americans saw little improvement in their financial standing.
• Who Benefits: Wealthy investors and corporations with substantial asset holdings. Rising stock prices and home values boost their net worth, securing generational wealth. • Who Loses: Middle- and lower-income Americans, who rely on wages rather than assets for income. Rising home prices make housing unaffordable, and wage stagnation prevents them from catching up.
Low-Interest Rates: Fueling Speculation and Inflating Asset Bubbles
Mechanism: For over a decade, the Fed has maintained historically low-interest rates, intended to stimulate economic growth. While low rates encourage borrowing, they also incentivize high-risk investments and asset speculation, fueling bubbles in stocks and real estate. Ordinary savers, however, earn little to nothing on traditional savings accounts, and when inflation rises, their purchasing power erodes further.
Evidence: Between 2010 and 2020, low rates contributed to a 75% increase in home prices [6]. At the same time, inflation-adjusted savings returns dropped significantly, and median rent increased nearly 45% during this period, making stable housing unattainable for lower-income families [7].
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