>>22412707

>Methylene blue can be administered intravenously or taken as a compounded supplement (which tends to be the preferred method for

>Lyme and Bartonella patients).

It is typically prescribed in 50 mg doses—as Lyme disease expert Dr. Richard Horowitz recommends with his double-dapsone treatment—though the dosage may vary depending on the treatment in question and the patient’s history.

https://projectlyme.org/methylene-blue/

Overview

Methylene blue was originally synthesized in 1876 and used as an antimalarial drug until it fell out of favor with the rise of quinine. This synthetic dye is named for its ability to stain tissue and urine with a dark blue hue. More recently, methylene blue has been a preferred treatment for methemoglobinemia, a condition where a person’s blood cannot properly transport oxygen throughout the body, and urinary tract infections. Cut to today, methylene blue has emerged as a promising treatment for Lyme disease, Bartonella, and Babesia, common tick-borne co-infections.

Methylene blue has powerful antimicrobial properties, and it is generally easier on the gut than an antibiotic. When used in combination with other drugs or herbal treatments, it may be particularly effective at eradicating the persistent biofilms that plague so many Lyme and Bartonella patients, according to a 2020 research study published in BMC Microbiology. While more research is needed to better understand the long-term effects of methylene blue, many tick-borne disease specialists have reported that their patients are seeing significant progress on this treatment.

How It’s Used

Methylene blue can be administered intravenously or taken as a compounded supplement (which tends to be the preferred method for Lyme and Bartonella patients). It is typically prescribed in 50 mg doses—as Lyme disease expert Dr. Richard Horowitz recommends with his double-dapsone treatment—though the dosage may vary depending on the treatment in question and the patient’s history.

Side Effects

Methylene blue is generally well-tolerated by patients. But you should always take this medication under the supervision of a doctor, as methylene blue can interact with a wide range of drugs, including antidepressants, and may be harmful to patients with liver or kidney disease. While some side effects, like methylene blue turning your urine blue or temporarily staining your teeth or mouth, are relatively benign, others can be quite dangerous.

Common side effects may include:

Blue urine

Stained mouth or teeth

Headache or dizziness

Altered sense of taste

Pain in your extremities

Sweating

Nausea

Notify your caregiver or doctor right away if you experience:

Allergic reaction (e.g., swelling of face, difficulty breathing, or hives)

Sudden fever

Pale or yellow skin

Weakness

Confusion

Shortness of breath

Chest pain

Blue hands or feet

Other side effects may also occur. For example, methylene blue has been known to cause a Herxheimer reaction in some patients. If you have any concerns about your symptoms, please contact your doctor.

Sources

https://monographs.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono108-06.pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/methylene-blue

https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-020-01777-9

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/9/11/725/htm

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20881-methylene-blue-injection

https://projectlyme.org/methylene-blue/

all

pb

>>22412707

>>22412759

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>>22412985

>>22413010

>>22413159

>>22413250

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>>22413273

>>22413411

Methylene blue was used to treat malaria in soldiers during World War II. It was the first synthetic medicine used to treat humans.

How was methylene blue used in World War II?

German scientists discovered that methylene blue could kill malaria parasites in 1891.

During World War I, German companies began synthesizing antimalarial compounds using methylene blue as a prototype.

In World War II, methylene blue was used to treat malaria in soldiers.

Why was methylene blue used to treat malaria?

Methylene blue reduced the severity of malaria symptoms and accelerated recovery.

It was effective against the Plasmodium genus, the parasites that cause malaria.

It was used to treat malaria in regions where the disease was prevalent.

Other uses for methylene blue

Methylene blue is also used to treat urinary tract infections.

It may be used to treat viral infections, such as influenza and SARS-CoV2.

It is sometimes used as an antidote to potassium cyanide poisoning.

https://www.pccarx.com/Blog/methylene-blue-something-old-and-something-blue

THE PCCA BLOG | Methylene Blue: Something Old and Something Blue

Updated: 07/06/2023

by Don Bottoni, RPh, PCCA Clinical Compounding Pharmacist

Methylene blue is an aniline dye that was synthesized for the textile industry in 1876 by Heinrich Caro, an employee of the chemical firm, BASF. It is a blue dye that was developed for staining cotton. Scientists began using dyes to stain microbes for more detailed study under the microscope. In 1885, Paul Ehrlich published an article on staining tuberculosis bacillus with methylene blue. He developed a theory that if the methylene blue could stain the organism and not the surrounding tissue, methylene blue would have detrimental effects on that organism. Essentially, he was proving that the structure of a chemical determines the biological effects of that chemical.

Methylene blue was used to treat various diseases to eliminate pathogens without damaging the tissue. During World War II, methylene blue was used on soldiers to treat malaria. It was the first synthetic medicine used to treat illnesses in human patients. Methylene blue is still considered for use in malaria patients and is experiencing a revival of interest.

Blue Oxidized State

Methylene blue is a unique derivative of phenothiazines. In its oxidized state, it is blue and is an electron donor. In its colorless state (leucomethylene blue), it is in a reduced state and will accept electrons. These two molecules comprise an “autoxidizing redox” system, which is a reversible oxidation-reduction system. This complex allows methylene blue to support the mitochondrial electron chain inside our cells, which supports respiration inside our cells. It is this ability to transport electrons, and thus oxygen inside our cells, which allows it to be used as a treatment for methemoglobinemia, cyanide poisoning and carbon dioxide poisoning. Methylene blue can serve as an oxygen transport system while our hemoglobin is not functioning properly.

Neurological Conditions

There are many neurological conditions where methylene blue has been studied. Those conditions include Alzheimer’s disease, autism, depression, neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease and traumatic brain injury.

In many of these conditions, researchers consider the increase of oxygenation in the cells as the supporting mechanism of action of methylene blue. The increase in oxygenation increases cellular oxygen levels and respiration, increases glucose uptake and increases production of ATP — the energy containing substance in our cells. Methylene blue also decreases the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects the nerves from damage. Methylene blue can inactivate these ROS. Also, by increasing ATP activity, methylene blue can increase metabolic energy, increase DNA repair and decrease neurodegeneration.

Methylene blue has also been shown to affect the levels of various neurotransmitters in our nervous system. Methylene blue is an MAO inhibitor, helping to increase levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and can increase acetylcholine levels in the cells.

cont:

>>22413433

cont:

Treating Patients

A majority of patients can be maintained at a daily dose of 15 mg in capsule form. A dose of 50 mg taken twice daily has been used to treat Lyme disease. A starting dose of 200 mg has been used in patients with COVID. This dose should be started as soon as possible; higher doses have been used.

There was an interesting French study of 2,500 cancer patient who were treated with a regimen that included methylene blue. At the end of the study, none of the 2,500 patients developed an influenza-like illness, including COVID.

Methylene blue is best taken in the morning because it can be a mild stimulant and disrupt sleep patterns.

Clinical considerations include not using methylene blue in patients on MAO inhibitors, or patients taking SSRIs or SNRIs. Methylene blue should not be taken with dapsone and is contraindicated in patients with renal disease or patients with hypersensitivity to methylene blue. It is also contraindicated during pregnancy.

References

Sloan, M. (2021). The Ultimate Guide to Methylene Blue. Accessed March 2023 at endalldisease.com

Tucker, D., Lu, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2018). From Mitochondrial Function to Neuroprotection-an Emerging Role for Methylene Blue. Mol Neurobio, 55(6), 5137–5153. Accessed March 2023 at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0712-2

Rojas, J. C., Bruchey, A. K., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2012). Neurometabolic mechanisms for memory enhancement and neuroprotection of methylene blue. Prog Neurobio, 96(1), 32–45. Accessed March 2023 at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.007

Kayabasi, Y., Erbas, O. (2020) Methylene blue and its importance in medicine. D.J. Med Sci 2020;6(3):136-145. Accessed April 2023 at https://www.journalmeddbu.com/full-text-pdf/213

Schirmer, R. H., Coulibaly, B., Stich, A., et al. (2003). Methylene blue as an antimalarial agent. Redox report : communications in free radical research, 8(5), 272–275. Accessed April 2023 at https://doi.org/10.1179/135100003225002899

Gonzalez-Lima, F., & Auchter, A. (2015). Protection against neurodegeneration with low-dose methylene blue and near-infrared light. Front Cell Neurosci, 9, 179. Accessed April 2023 at https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2015.00179

Atamna, H., Nguyen, A., Schultz, C., et al. (2008). Methylene blue delays cellular senescence and enhances key mitochondrial biochemical pathways. FASEB J. 22(3):703-712. Accessed April 2023 at https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.07-9610com

Biju, K. C., Evans, R. C., Shrestha, K., et al. (2018). Methylene Blue Ameliorates Olfactory Dysfunction and Motor Deficits in a Chronic MPTP/Probenecid Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience. 2018;380:111-122. Accessed April 2023 at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.008

During World War II, methylene blue was used on soldiers to treat malaria. It was the first synthetic medicine used to treat illnesses in human patients. Methylene blue is still considered for use in malaria patients and is experiencing a revival of interest. Methylene blue is a unique derivative of phenothiazines.Apr 26, 2023

>>22413411

>>22413453

https://www.pccarx.com/Blog/methylene-blue-something-old-and-something-blue

>>22413411

Abstract

Methylene blue (MB) is the oldest synthetic anti-infective. Its high potency against asexual and sexual stages of malaria parasites is well documented. This study aimed to investigate possible additional activities of MB in interfering with parasite transmission and determine target stages in Anopheles vectors and humans. MB’s transmission-blocking activity was first evaluated by an ex vivo direct membrane feeding assay (DMFA) using Plasmodium falciparum field isolates. To investigate anti-mosquito stage activity, Plasmodium berghei-infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were fed a second blood meal on mice that had been treated with methylene blue, 3, 6- and 15-days after the initial infectious blood meal. Anti-sporozoite and liver stage activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo via sporozoite invasion and liver stage development assays, respectively. MB exhibited a robust inhibition of P. falciparum transmission in An. gambiae, even when added shortly before the DMFA but only a moderate effect against P. berghei oocyst development. Exposure of mature P. berghei and P. falciparum sporozoites to MB blocked hepatocyte invasion, yet P. berghei liver stage development was unaffected by MB. Our results indicate previously underappreciated rapid specific activities of methylene blue against Plasmodium transmission stages, preventing the establishment of both mosquito midgut and liver infections as the first essential steps in both hosts.

Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium yoelii, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, methylene blue, Gabon, transmission, in vivo and ex vivo experiments

1. Introduction

The development of new interventions that target transmissible stages of malaria parasites will play a key role in the goal of malaria elimination. Existing conventional control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets, prompt and efficacious treatment and vector population reduction led to a significant reduction of the malaria burden. Still, malaria remains an important cause of morbidity, especially among African children under 5 years of age. In 2019, the WHO estimated even a notable surge in morbidity and mortality after two decades of steady decreases (WHO World Malaria Report 2021) [1]. Despite the worrying emergence of parasite resistance to both artemisinin and partner drugs [2,3], ACTs continue to be highly efficacious in treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in African countries [4,5]. Artemisinin derivatives lead to rapid asexual parasite clearance in sensitive infections [6] and are also highly active against stage I-III sexual transmission stages (gametocytes).

–

Conclusions

Our study expands our knowledge of the activity of MB as the oldest synthetic anti-infective against the different stages of the complex life cycle of malaria parasites. We demonstrated an extremely rapid activity of MB on P. falciparum transmission to An. gambiae mosquitoes. Moreover, we found that MB has moderate activity on oocyst development, reducing the oocyst burden and mosquito infectivity. Importantly, exposure of sporozoites to MB revealed a prominent in vitro inhibitory activity of hepatocyte invasion, and we also observed a reduced parasite liver stage load upon exposure of early intra-hepatocyte parasite development to MB in vivo. Facing the emergence and development of malaria resistance, our study thus provides further impetus for the clinical use of MB, for instance, in antimalarial combination therapy.

read more here: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9786052/

>>22413411

>>22413486

in a nutshell

Methylene Blue

is good stuff.

if you have parasites, which you probably do

expect die-off, herx.

The herx effect

This means the patient is stuck with a backlog of dead bacteria which takes time to expel. The buildup of this toxic waste can make the patient feel much worse before it makes them feel better; their symptoms increase until their bodies can expel the dead spirochetes.

Moreover, how quickly can your body detox? For me, a Herx could last anywhere from a couple days to a couple weeks. Then, I'd get a reprieve for a week or two, and then the cycle would start all over. Each time, the Herxheimer reaction was a little less intense, but shorter.

Herxheimer Reaction

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is an acute, transient reaction that can occur after antibiotic treatment for spirochete infections, such as syphilis, Lyme disease, and leptospirosis.

Symptoms:

Fever, Chills, Headache, Muscle aches, Exacerbation of existing skin lesions, Nausea, and Vomiting.

Mechanism:

When antibiotics kill spirochetes, they release toxins and other inflammatory substances into the body. This triggers an immune response that can cause the symptoms of the JHR.

Onset and Duration:

The JHR typically occurs within 24 hours of starting antibiotic treatment. It usually lasts for a few hours to a few days.

Management:

Most JHRs resolve on their own without treatment.

In severe cases, supportive measures such as hydration, fever reduction, and pain relief may be necessary.

In rare cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention:

To minimize the risk of a JHR, antibiotics may be started at a lower dose and gradually increased.

Patients with known spirochete infections should inform their healthcare provider before receiving any antibiotics.

Importance:

The JHR is a common and generally harmless reaction. However, it is important to be aware of the symptoms and potential complications so that they can be managed appropriately.

https://www.globallymealliance.org/blog/what-does-it-mean-to-herx#:~:text=The%20herx%20effect&text=This%20means%20the%20patient%20is,can%20expel%20the%20dead%20spirochetes.

The herx effect

Discovered by dermatologists Adolf Jarisch and Karl Herxheimer in their studies of syphilis—another illness like Lyme whose bacterium is a spirochete, meaning having a spiral shape—a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is an adverse response to toxins released by bacteria killed by antibiotics. In the case of Lyme disease, antibiotics sometimes kill spirochetes faster than the body can eliminate them. This means the patient is stuck with a backlog of dead bacteria which takes time to expel. The buildup of this toxic waste can make the patient feel much worse before it makes them feel better; their symptoms increase until their bodies can expel the dead spirochetes.

>>22413411

>>22413524

https://annas-archive.org/search?q=Methylene+blue