>>23065236

AGOA: The U.S.-Africa Trade Program

U.S. trade with sub-Saharan Africa has declined in recent years, prompting analysts to question the effectiveness of a preferential trade program for the region.

By Claire Klobucista Last updated March 18, 2022

Summary

Launched in 2000, AGOA is a preferential trade program that allows countries in sub-Saharan Africa to export products to the United States tariff-free.

Many experts say the program has failed to live up to expectations, and the region’s exports to the United States have dipped below what they were when AGOA began.

In 2022, the removal of several countries, including Ethiopia, from AGOA added to uncertainty about the program’s future.

Introduction

The cornerstone of U.S. economic relations with sub-Saharan Africa since 2000 has been the African Growth and Opportunity Act, or AGOA. The program offers more than three dozen participants preferential access to U.S. markets by eliminating import tariffs.

Policymakers hoped that AGOA, as the primary U.S. trade policy for the region, would foster economic and political development in Africa. However, the outsize roles of oil and apparel in African export growth have raised questions about whether AGOA can diversify the region’s economies and increase its competitiveness in global markets. Moreover, after peaking in 2008, U.S. trade with AGOA’s participants has dropped to near its pre-AGOA total. Meanwhile, African trade relationships with other countries, particularly China, have greatly expanded.

Why was AGOA created?

AGOA is a trade preference program established in 2000 as part of broader legislation President Bill Clinton enacted to strengthen U.S. trade ties with Africa and the Caribbean. The act is unilateral, meaning it does not require African countries to lower their own barriers to U.S. goods, though it encourages them to do so. President Clinton saw the policy as a way to boost growth and bolster democratic ideals across the continent. He also said it would strengthen the U.S. economy by opening markets with “hundreds of millions of potential consumers” to American producers.

The act is an extension of the Generalized System of Preferences, a U.S. trade preference system introduced in 1974 that allows more than one hundred countries, mostly low-income nations, to export many of their goods to the United States duty-free. AGOA goes even further, offering this access to more than six thousand products from its thirty-eight current participants. It also mandates the executive branch to increase U.S. development assistance to sub-Saharan African countries in areas including agriculture and HIV/AIDS prevention. It was set to expire in 2008 but has since been renewed four times.

Which countries take part in it?

Only sub-Saharan African countries are eligible to be beneficiaries of AGOA, and the legislation outlines requirements candidates must fulfill, such as upholding the rule of law and human rights and liberalizing their economies. However, U.S. presidents can disqualify countries at their discretion and have done so, citing reasons such as rights violations and protectionist policies. Participants graduate out of AGOA [PDF] if per capita gross national income reaches $12,535, the World Bank’s lower limit for high-income countries.

Of the forty-nine potential beneficiaries in the region, thirty-six countries currently take part. A dozen are currently suspended: Burundi, Cameroon, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Zimbabwe. The Seychelles graduated out of the program in 2017.

What is the future of AGOA?

AGOA was last renewed in 2015 and is set to expire in 2025, though U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai has so far signaled that her office will try to improve upon the existing program as Congress considers AGOA’s future.

In early 2022, the United States removed Ethiopia, Guinea, and Mali from AGOA, citing human rights abuses and military coups in violation of the program’s rules. While Guinea and Mali send less than 1 percent of their exports to the United States, Ethiopia relies heavily on AGOA’s benefits to support its textile industry. The Joe Biden administration has emphasized that the countries can be readmitted if they return to compliance, but experts say the expulsion could push the countries to strengthen trade ties with other powers; some Ethiopian business leaders, for instance, have argued in favor of moving closer to China, given Beijing’s no-strings-attached approach to investment.

More:

https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/agoa-us-africa-trade-program

>>23065248 (me)

Inefficient African Ports See Diverted Red Sea Traffic Slipping Away

By Colleen Goko (Bloomberg) — March 14, 2024

Africa’s inefficient and aging ports are hampering the continent’s chances of capitalizing on a surge in ship traffic that’s avoiding attacks by Houthi rebels through the Red Sea, logistics experts said.

The number of vessels sailing around the southern tip of Africa is up 85% from the first half of December, when the Iran-backed, Yemen-based terrorists intensified their attacks on ships, according to Clarksons Research. Some of the biggest beneficiaries are ports in South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Namibia, all of which have seen volumes rise, manufacturing and logistics company Fictiv Inc. said.

“However, most ports in Africa are inefficient and not in the best condition to be able to fully realize all the benefits,” said Vinny Licata, Fictiv’s head of logistics. “This is could be a real opportunity for Africa, but several ports were already congested due to inefficiencies. Investments are needed to enable them to compete.”

Merchant ships have largely avoided the route that would ultimately take them through the Suez Canal since the attacks started. Last week, a missile strike killed three crew members, the first confirmed deaths since the attacks began.

Currently, Africa accounts for about 6% of global maritime trade, despite approximately 90% of its imports and exports being transported by sea, according to Freight Right Global Logistics Chief Executive Officer and Founder Robert Khachatryan.

Freight costs from Asia to the US East Coast are projected to increase by 20% to 30%, with delivery times extended by two weeks due to the longer route around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, said Khachatryan.

It’s here that South Africa’s port-infrastructure problems — ranging from equipment breakdowns to staff shortages — hurt its competitive advantage. Shipping companies using the Cape route for east-west trade have largely avoided having to restock and refuel at South Africa’s maritime hubs due to their inability to provide services.

“This shift has directly benefited strategically located ports like Toamasina in Madagascar, Port Louis in Mauritius, and Walvis Bay in Namibia, which lie along the east-west route connecting Asia with Europe” as ships avoid South Africa, Khachatryan said.

Countries with the capability to quickly scale up port and logistical operations — such as Morocco and Ghana — could accommodate the increased demand for maritime services.

“Their investment in port infrastructure in recent years positions them to manage the surge efficiently,” Khachatryan said. For other parts of Africa, “concerns arise from sea-piracy incidents near Somalia and Nigeria as vessels navigate around Africa,” he said.

Fragmented Politics

Rising traffic around the Cape of Good Hope could strengthen South Africa’s position in the BRICS club of nations and potentially in global trade negotiations in the longer term, said James Hill, CEO of MCF Energy Ltd.

“African policymakers may look at port-development strategies that will help to build intra-African and international connectivity,” Hill said. “Even after the conflict in Israel ends, the danger in the Gulf may continue as the Houthis may choose to retaliate against the US for their counterattack, meaning these benefits may continue.”

https://gcaptain.com/inefficient-african-ports-see-diverted-red-sea-traffic-slipping-away/

>>23065251

…And in 1979, a US satellite mysteriously spotted a bright flash of light between Bouvet and Prince Edward Islands.

No one at the time could explain the illumination but it's now thought the flash was caused by a secret South African-Israeli joint nuclear bomb detonation.

But neither country has owned up and it's just widely believed speculation.

More:

https://www.the-sun.com/news/12336890/worlds-loneliest-island-dark-past/

Report on the 1979 Vela Incident

By Carey Sublette 1 September 2001

The Vela Incident

On 22 September 1979 around 00:53 GMT, the Vela 6911 satellite detected the characteristic double flash of an atmospheric nuclear explosion apparently over the Indian Ocean or South Atlantic. The test location was later localized at 47 deg. S, 40 deg. E in the Indian Ocean, in the vicinity of South Africa's Prince Edward Island, by hydroacoustic data. Due to the position ambiguity of the initial detection (the Vela optical sensors were not imaging sensors and could did not detect location), the location is variously described as being in the Indian Ocean or South Atlantic. The characteristics of the light curve indicated that it was a low kiloton explosion (approximately 3 kt). The hydroacoustic signal indicated a low altitude explosion. A major and lingering controversy erupted over the interpretation of this apparent detection.

The Vela satellite program was an nuclear detonation (NUDET) detection system setup after the 1963 limited test ban and was designed to detect nuclear explosions in space and (later) air. There were two groups of Vela satellites developed. The original Vela were equipped only with sensors for space detection and were launched in three pairs between 1963 and 1965. They operated for at least five years, far beyond their nominal design life of six months. A second generation called Advanced Vela were launched in 1967, 1969 and 1970. These satellites added "bahngmeters" - optical sensors for detecting atmospheric tests - and had a nominal design life of 18 months, but were later rated with a seven year lifespan, although they were all operated for more than ten years, with the last one being turned off in 1984 – after 14 years of successful operation [JPL 2001]; [Astronautix 2001].

Vela 6911 is presumably one of the Advanced Vela pair launch launched on 23 May 1969 (perigee 77,081 km, apogee 145,637 km, inclination 61.6 deg), and had thus been operating over ten years at the time of the 1979 detection.

The Vela satellite system had previously made 41 similar detections of atmospheric tests, each of which had been subsequently confirmed through other means. The detection came at a bad time for the Carter administration which would be under pressure to take definite action if the detection were accepted as accurate. Inescapably it seemed that either Israel, South Africa, or both, would be implicated. Consequently a panel of scientists from academia known as the Ruina Panel, after its head Dr. Jack Ruina, was created to review the reliability of the Vela data. Since this satellite was operating past its expected lifespan, and its electromagnetic pulse (EMP) sensor was inoperative, questions about the reliability of the detection were raised. The panel ultimately concluded in a report released in the summer of 1980 that the signal "was probably not from a nuclear explosion. Although we cannot rule out that this signal was of nuclear origin".

This conclusion has cast a pall over public confidence in the ability of the U.S. to unambiguously detect clandestine nuclear explosions for over twenty years.

During the panel's months of deliberations, concluded in July 1980, a variety of pieces of corroborating evidence surfaced.

One of the clearest indications was from ocean acoustic waves detected by hydrophones. The hydrophone data indicated signals both from a direct path originating near Prince Edward Island and from a reflection of Scotia Ridge in the Antarctic and the Antarctic ice shelf. Analyses of these signals conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) confirmed that they had been generated at a time and location consistent with the Vela 6911 detection and that their intensity was consistent with a small nuclear explosion on, or slightly under, the ocean's surface. This evidence alone, if accepted as valid, should be sufficient to confirm the accuracy of the detection [LANL Daily News Bulletin 1997]; [Albright 1994b].

The radio telescope at Arecibo, Puerto Rico detected an anomalous traveling ionospheric disturbance (that is, an upper atmosphere wave) moving southeast to northwest during the early morning hours of 22 September 1979, something researchers had never before witnessed. Powerful explosions create ionospheric disturbances from the direct transmission of the upward propagating shock wave to the ionosphere. But Los Alamos space scientist Lew Duncan, one of the researchers who originally connected the ionospheric disturbance to theevent that night, said in 1994 that he was still not fully convinced that what the dish at Arecibo detected was a nuclear test [Albright 1994b].

Frank Barnaby cites additional ionospheric data collected later by NRL, and confirmation from Air Force early warning radar signals made on 22 September, that was not considered by the Ruina Panel though he does not describe the evidence in greater detail [Barnaby 1989; pg. 17-18].

Unfortunately efforts to detect the one completely unambiguous "smoking gun" signature of a nuclear explosion, guaranteed to silence skeptics, namely radioactive fallout, failed. The U.S. government quickly launched a major effort to collect samples of the fallout cloud, but Air Force attempts to sample the fallout failed to enter the low-pressure air mass that had been over the detonation site at the time of the explosion (what the problem was I do not know). However Dr. Van Middlesworth detected low levels of iodine-131, a short-lived radioactive fission product, in sheep thyroids in the states of Victoria and Tasmania in western Australia soon after the event. Studies of wind patterns confirmed that fall-out from an explosion in the southern Inidian Ocean could have been carried there [Barnaby 1989; pg. 17].

More:

https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Safrica/Vela.html

Canada #77

UK Contractor Extradited to U.S., Pleads Guilty in Massive USAID Fraud Scheme Tied to Pakistan Energy Program

by Jim Hᴏft May. 20, 2025

A UK citizen who ripped off American taxpayers through a U.S.-funded foreign aid program has been sentenced to time served after a brazen kickback scheme drained nearly $100,000 in USAID funds — and he’ll now be handed over to immigration authorities.

Stephen Paul Edmund Sutton, 53, of the United Kingdom, pleaded guilty in Washington, D.C. federal court Monday to conspiring to commit theft concerning a program receiving federal funds, a felony offense.

Sutton was a Logistics Operations Manager for a contractor implementing the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Power Distribution Program (PDP) in Pakistan — a five-year effort that was supposed to help modernize Pakistan’s failing electric utilities.

Instead, Sutton and his co-conspirator, who remains under indictment, lined their pockets by setting up bogus shell companies that funneled inflated contracts for forklifts and crane services — all under the guise of helping Pakistan’s struggling power grid. Sutton personally pocketed at least $21,000 in kickbacks.

More from DOJ:

According to court documents, PDP was a component of U.S. government assistance to the government of Pakistan to support its energy sector.

Launched in September 2010, the five-year program was designed to facilitate improvements in Pakistan’s government-owned electric power distribution companies through interventions and projects addressing governance issues, technical and non-technical losses, and low revenue collection.

The main goal of the PDP was to improve the commercial performance of the participating distribution companies through technology upgrades and improvements in processes, procedures, and practices, as well as training and capacity building.

Under the PDP contract, Sutton’s employer subcontracted through purchase orders with vendors in Pakistan for certain goods and services.

From May through November 2015, Sutton and his co-conspirator, an employee supervised by Sutton, participated in a kickback scheme by creating two companies, obtaining PDP purchase orders for forklift and crane services for the companies, and distributing the profits to themselves.

As part of the scheme, his co-conspirator arranged for low-grade local vendors to provide the services for at least half the contract rates, and Sutton ensured that the company paid the invoices despite suspicions raised by an accounts payable officer.

U.S. government sentencing documents indicate the agency was defrauded of almost $100,000 and that for his part, Sutton received at least $21,000 in kickbacks.

Sutton’s co-conspirator is also charged by indictment and his case is pending disposition.

This case was investigated by the USAID Office of Inspector General and was prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorney Emily Miller and former Special Assistant United States Attorneys Scot Morris and Nicholas Coates of the Fraud, Public Corruption, and Civil Rights Section.

The Justice Department’s Office of International Affairs provided significant assistance in securing the arrest and extradition of Sutton from the UK.

https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2025/05/uk-contractor-extradited-u-s-pleads-guilty-massive/

>>23065402

Ukraine’s president may be exposed for alleged arms sales to Africa after warning from Buhari

The reputation of Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Ukraine’s president, may be at stake as the country’s presidential elections could become a reality.

Chinedu Okafor 04 February 2025

Zelenskyy's presidency may be at stake if presidential elections are held due to martial law.

Ukraine declared martial law following Russia’s invasion in February 2022.

The U.S. and Russia are urging Ukraine to hold elections, with NATO planning to discredit Zelenskyy.

Zelenskiy's five-year term was set to expire in 2024, but presidential and legislative elections cannot be held under martial law, which Ukraine declared in February 2022, following Russia’s invasion of the country.

However, Russia, and the United States, under its new administration have urged the country to hold elections in light of a possible ceasefire.

The U.S. President, Donald Trump has relayed to Ukraine’s head of state, Zelenskyy to hold elections by the end of the year.

This is in light of Trump and Keith Kellogg’s (Trump's special envoy for Ukraine and Russia), strategy to negotiate an agreement to halt the all-out conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

As a result, NATO, according to Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service, is planning a large-scale effort to publicize proof of Zelensky's participation in the sale of Western armaments to African organizations, to discredit him ahead of the election campaign.

Warning by Nigeria’s former president Muhammadu Buhari

According to a press release, issued on the 29th of November, 2022, by the Nigerian government, the then President Muhammadu Buhari in the country’s capital, urged more vigilance and tightening of security around borders, drawing attention to the increased number of arms, ammunition, and other weapons from the Russia and Ukraine war in the Lake Chad Basin.

At the 16th Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC), the ex-Nigerian leader who had also served as Chairman of the Summit stated that the threat posed by terrorists in the region has been largely contained, but the influx of weapons presents new challenges.

“Regrettably, the situation in the Sahel and the raging war in Ukraine serve as major sources of weapons and fighters that bolster the ranks of the terrorists in the Lake Chad Region.

A substantial proportion of the arms and ammunition procured to execute the war in Libya continues to find its way to the Lake Chad Region and other parts of the Sahel,” the ex-president stated.

“Weapons being used for the war in Ukraine and Russia are equally beginning to filter to the region.

This illegal movement of arms into the region has heightened the proliferation of small arms and light weapons which continues to threaten our collective peace and security in the region.

There is, therefore, the urgent need for expedited collaborative actions by our border control agencies and other security services to stop the circulation of all illegal weapons in the region,” former president Buhari noted.

What the Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) said

The SVR claimed in a statement that it is explicitly moving to disclose details regarding the "president" and his team members' appropriation of over $1.5 billion from funds meant for ammunition purchases alone.

"In addition, it is planned to expose the scheme by Zelensky and his entourage to transfer abroad the pay of 130 thousand dead Ukrainian servicemen who continue to be listed as alive and serving on the front lines," the agency press bureau added.

As reported by Sputnik, the SVR added that NATO is keen on removing Zelensky, "ideally through pseudo-democratic elections," which it estimates might happen as early as this fall.

https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/ukraines-president-may-be-exposed-for-alleged-arms-sales-to-africa-after-warning-from/98mz22t

>>23065502

Carl Niehaus reveals evidence of South African arms in Israel and Ukraine

Thabo Makwakwa Published 1 month ago

The Economic Freedom Fighters' (EFF) permanent representative on the Joint Standing Committee on Defence (JSCD), Carl Niehaus, has responded to the committee, providing evidence into the EFF’s claims that South African-made weapons are used by nations embroiled in conflict.

During the recent JSCD meeting on April 4, 2025, Member of Parliament Niehaus called for an end to arms sales to allies of apartheid Israel and urged stricter monitoring of arms exports to nations embroiled in conflict.

His statements have raised significant concerns regarding South Africa's arms control practices.

Minister Khumbudzo Ntshaveni, chair of the National Conventional Arms Control Committee (NCACC), requested further substantiation of Niehaus's allegations.

Niehaus responded to this request in a letter dated April 14, emphasising the importance of transparency.

He stated: “This letter responds to your invitation during the NCACC’s engagement with the JSCD, for me to provide further information regarding concerns I have raised about South Africa’s arms control practices.

‘Given the public nature of your request, I reserve all my rights as a public representative to make the contents of this letter public.”

Niehaus underscored the importance of South Africa's integrity and international standing, especially regarding its leadership in human rights advocacy.

He highlighted the ongoing case against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for genocide in Gaza as a critical issue that warrants urgent action to address potential violations of both domestic laws and international treaties related to arms control.

He elaborated on South Africa's obligations under various international agreements, including the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms (UNRCA), and the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW).

According to Niehaus, these treaties prohibit the sale and export of arms to countries involved in armed conflicts or committing human rights abuses, explicitly naming apartheid Israel and Ukraine.

Niehaus asserted that South Africa's moral authority on the global stage is at risk if the government continues to allow arms transfers to these nations.

“The allegations outlined in this letter undermine these principles and threaten South Africa’s moral authority on the global stage.”

He cited evidence indicating South Africa's involvement in arms production for Ukraine, referencing a January 10 report from the US Department of Defense that listed South Africa as a participant in the Ukraine Defence Contact Support Group (UDCG).

He argued that this involvement contravenes South African law, which prohibits the supply of arms to conflict zones.

Rheinmetall’s operations and allegations

He referenced Rheinmetall's plans to expand ammunition production at its South African RDM plants to meet Ukraine’s needs and replenish NATO/EU stockpiles.

A December 2023 press release detailed a significant artillery ammunition order for Ukraine, with RDM’s output contributing to a target of 700,000 rounds annually by 2024.

Niehaus said that since July 2024, RDM has increased its capacity from 100,000 to 150,000 shells annually, operating 24-hour shifts across its South African facilities.

“Rheinmetall operates warehouses in Germany and Hungary, from which it re-exports South African-manufactured shells to Israel and Ukraine.

“This circumvents both South African and German export controls, exploiting loopholes in end-user oversight.” Such actions, he argued, directly undermine South Africa’s ICJ case by potentially supplying Israel with munitions used in Gaza.

International reports and criticism

Niehaus said multiple reports substantiate these allegations, explaining that the investigation in Europe revealed Rheinmetall’s use of South African plants to bypass German export controls, supplying munitions to states with poor human rights records, including Israel.

He said the Business & Human Rights Resource Centre noted Rheinmetall’s failure to respond to UN experts’ calls to cease arms transfers to Israel, risking complicity in genocide.

“The NCACC’s failure to monitor end-user compliance means these arms are likely re-exported to Israel, fueling its genocide in Gaza and directly contradicting our ICJ case.”

According to Niehaus, In 2023, South African arms companies, with NCACC approval, exported R3.3 billion in arms to countries supplying Israel, including the US, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and France. Germany, Israel’s second-largest arms supplier, imported R1.7 billion in South African bombs, shells, and military technology.

He expressed concern: “Allowing RDM to supply munitions to Israel and Ukraine contradicts our vision of promoting a rules-based international order.”

More:

https://thestar.co.za/news/politics/2025-04-14-carl-niehaus-reveals-evidence-of-south-african-arms-in-israel-and-ukraine/

>>23065507

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Maga Patriots, the Patriot Front of 8Kun

>>23065534

Not the way I see it

>>23065565

>Idk what it is.

It's a slide

>>23065615

>>23065640

You should be flogged for such heresy

>>23065655

You obviously know nothing about me

>>23065677

>>23065679

MAGA Patriots/MAGA Riots/MAGA Extractions/MAGA Civil War/MAGA Ex-Military/MAGA Mercenary/MAGA Code Red/MAGA Black Ops/MAGA Cyber/MAGA Point Blank/MAGA BlackOut Ops/MAGA Patriots 100% Cowboy/MAGA Cyber/MAGA Internet Key/MAGA Patriots Matrix Algebra/MAGA Patriots USA COMMAND CENTER/MAGA Cyber Warfare/MAGA AI Algorithms/ MAGA PATRIOTS CONSTITUTIONAL Americans/ MAGA AI Code Writers/MAGA Command Center/MAGA Cyber Technology/MAGA Patriots High Value Extraction/MAGA Super AI/MAGA Patriot Mercenary/MAGA AI mother code/MAGA WARZONE/MAGA Patriots Private Contractors/MAGA Skunkworks/MAGA First Responder Angels/MAGA Crusaders/MAGA Detonator/MAGA Warfare Landscape

Maga Patriots, the Patriot Front of 8Kun

>>23065775

>>23065778

unter glieben glauten globen

>>23065668

He must not be aware of anons

>>23065679

MAGA Patriots/MAGA Riots/MAGA Extractions/MAGA Civil War/MAGA Ex-Military/MAGA Mercenary/MAGA Code Red/MAGA Black Ops/MAGA Cyber/MAGA Point Blank/MAGA BlackOut Ops/MAGA Patriots 100% Cowboy/MAGA Cyber/MAGA Internet Key/MAGA Patriots Matrix Algebra/MAGA Patriots USA COMMAND CENTER/MAGA Cyber Warfare/MAGA AI Algorithms/ MAGA PATRIOTS CONSTITUTIONAL Americans/ MAGA AI Code Writers/MAGA Command Center/MAGA Cyber Technology/MAGA Patriots High Value Extraction/MAGA Super AI/MAGA Patriot Mercenary/MAGA AI mother code/MAGA WARZONE/MAGA Patriots Private Contractors/MAGA Skunkworks/MAGA First Responder Angels/MAGA Crusaders/MAGA Detonator/MAGA Warfare Landscape

Maga Patriots, the Patriot Front of 8Kun

>>23065989

Buddy Holly was because of a Sperry artificial horizon

>>23066006

>This guy needs to the deepest darkest research of his history