TYB
Big Solar Blast, High Solar Watch, Pole Shift Update | S0 News
Oct.14.2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Axnki1fifoc
https://x.com/SunWeatherMan
https://spaceweathernews.com
/https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/
JPL Employee Memo
October 13, 2025
the JPL Center Director sent this message to all JPL employees earlier today. Full memo below.
Colleagues,
For the past few months, I have communicated openly about our need to create a streamlined infrastructure that enables us to operate more efficiently, make decisions more quietly, and remain competitive in our rapidly changing environment.
We continue to take thoughtful but necessary steps now to shape the Lab for the future.
As part of this organizational realignment, we are taking steps to restructure and establish an appropriate size to ensure future success.
I’m sharing the difficult new: that JPL will be condueting a workforce action tomorrow, Oct, 14, resulting in a layoff of approximately 550 colleagues, or 11% of our workforce.
This reduction is part of a reorganization that began in July and not related to the current government shutdown. Unless otherwise notified, all personnel are required to work remotely tomorrow.
Following the workforce action, those continuing with JPL will be notified of their role in the new Lab structure, which will become effective Wednesday, Oct. 15.
Please watch this short video from me (see here) with a message about these changes and the path ahead. Within the same link, you will find more information, Including resources and frequently asked questions.
At 8:30 a.m. tomorrow, we will host a short, virtual Lab-wide meeting to share what to expect related to the layoff. A calendar invitation will be sent later today,
I recognize this is a tremendous amount of change in a short period of time and will be challenging for our entire community in the coming weeks.
While not easy, I believe taking these actions now will help the Lab transform at the scale and pace necessary to help achieve humanity’s boldest ambitions in space.
To our colleagues who will be leaving JPL, thank you for your many contributions to the Lab, our community, NASA, and the nation.
We are truly grateful for your service, advaneing exploration and innovation in ways that benefit us all.
To everyone, I encourage you to take advantage of the resources available through the Human Resources site, including our Employee Assistance Program and more.
Please take care in the days ahead and continue to show the kindness, respect, and support that define this community.
https://nasawatch.com/personnel-news/jpl-employee-memo/
Lumpless it is
Landing Pad Event For JPLers
October 13, 2025
Heads up NASA JPL folks: event is for JPLers who were laid off in 2025 and 2024 to connect and support one another on Friday 17 October. Full info below.
Join us for a time to come together as a community to help process the layoffs at JPL. This event is for JPLers who were laid off in 2025 and 2024 to connect and support one another.
In addition to time for processing and connection, Creating Space will also provide some immediate resources for building resiliency and daily practices for supporting mental health.
Facilitators: Neela Rajendra & Paul Propster, Co-Founders, Creating Space
Hosted by: Creating Space
October 17, 2025
10:30am-12pm
TACIT House, Caltech
275 S. Hill Ave, Pasadena
https://www.creatingspaceforhumanity.org
https://nasawatch.com/personnel-news/landing-pad-event-for-jplers/
https://www.earth.com/news/50-year-old-malfunction-revealed-hidden-water-on-venus-pioneer-probe/
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024JE008582
50-year-old mistake by the Pioneer Venus probe reveals hidden water Earth's twin
10-13-2025
Venus, our neighbor, has long teased astronomers by being the brightest planet in our night sky. That curiosity about what hides behind its twinkle prompted NASA scientists to send the Pioneer Venus Large Probe diving through the planet’s atmosphere in 1978.
Apart from snooping on the planet’s composition, the probe also set out to answer a far bigger question: are we alone in our solar system, or could life exist beyond our planet?
En route to the planet’s surface, the probe sampled the atmosphere at different altitudes. It analyzed aerosol and cloud particles, gathering data on temperature, pressure, and cloud chemistry.
The mission’s data led scientists to our existing belief that Venus’s clouds were dominated by concentrated sulfuric acid and held only traces of water.
Half a century later, Earth’s twin is revealing new secrets. A second look at the Pioneer Venus data, tucked away on microfilm in the NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive, involved Cal Poly Pomona, the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Arizona State University, and NASA itself.
Reexamining this old data showed that the atmosphere was approximately 62% water trapped in hydrated compounds.
The water bound within these hydrated minerals reveals a hidden reservoir in the planet’s clouds that scientists have overlooked until now.
Chemistry finds water on Venus
Aboard NASA’s Pioneer Venus probe were two crucial scientific instruments: the Large Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer and Large Probe Gas Chromatograph.
The sole mission of the duo was to measure the composition of Venus’s atmosphere as the probe descended in 1978.
As the Venus probe plunged deeper into the hot atmosphere, the mass spectrometer detected H₂O⁺, SO₂⁺, O₂⁺, and FeO⁺.
The original scientists interpreted this as direct measurements of atmospheric gas composition at each altitude.
They concluded the aerosols were concentrated sulfuric acid solution (≥75% by mass) with relatively minor water (≤25% by mass).
Beyond this dominant sulfuric acid-water mixture, they proposed several minor species, including ferric chloride and/or ferric sulfates, condensed sulfur, and tentative traces of bulk iron and phosphorus.
Unfortunately, as the probe plunged through the planet’s thick clouds, tiny aerosol particles clogged the instrument’s inlet. Decades later, researchers turned what seemed like a mishap into a lucky break.
Accidentally finding water on Venus
The trapped aerosols broke down under the extreme heat encountered by the probe as it descended deeper into Venus’s atmosphere.
Temperatures rose from about −30°C at an altitude of 65 km to around 462°C at the surface. During this process, the spectrometer recorded readings not just from around Venus but also from the chemical breakdown of the cloud material itself.
During their reanalysis, the team realized that the Venus probe had unintentionally performed a thermal and evolved gas analysis.
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This is the same type of analysis that Mars rovers conduct to analyze soil samples on the Red Planet.
So, instead of treating the data as direct atmospheric measurements, the new study treated the chemistry data as measurements of aerosols decomposing due to heat.
Not your average water
The water in Venus’s clouds isn’t in a liquid or vapor state familiar to us. It is mostly solid, not the icy kind, but as chemically bound hydrates.
It is mainly locked within the crystalline structure of hydrated iron sulfates, hydrated magnesium sulfates, and other hydrated mineral species.
Analysis of the Pioneer Venus data showed that the original altitude measurements were actually temperature-dependent breakdown profiles of aerosol material clogging the instrument.
The researchers plotted the released gases during the descent against the rising temperature to create a thermal decomposition profile.
The most significant water release peaked at about 414°C, which was unusually high for liquid or vapor. The profile, however, matched the breakdown profile of thermally stable hydrated compounds.
The study also indicates an aerosol solution phase, suggesting that some water dissolves in sulfuric acid within the aerosols.
Even so, the dominant form remains water-bearing compounds that release water only when heated to decomposition temperatures.
The finding challenges the long-standing belief that Venus is almost completely dry.
New chemistry explains anomalies
The original mission data contained puzzling anomalies that scientists couldn’t explain: sudden pressure surges, strange chemical spikes, and unusually high levels of water and sulfur dioxide below the cloud deck.
The team at the time wrote them off as contamination from Earth.
The new study showed that these anomalies weren’t errors at all. The evidence showed aerosol particles breaking down inside the instruments, revealing their actual chemical makeup.
This reevaluation led researchers to identify aerosols’ composition as 62% water, 22% sulfuric acid, and 16% ferric sulfate.
The researchers suggest that the iron detected in Venus’s cloud aerosols could originate from cosmic sources.
The lead author, R. Mogul, told CPP NEWS that this newly identified aerosol composition will require scientists to reassess their models of cloud chemistry and rethink whether the planet could support life.
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NASA Lets YouTuber Steve Mould Test His "Weird Chain Theory" In Space
OCtober 13, 2025
NASA astronaut Don Pettit has helped YouTuber Steve Mould with the final step in his "weird chain theory": testing the idea in space.
In 2013, YouTuber and science communicator Steve Mould brought the "chain fountain", an unsolved problem in physics, to the attention of the wider public.
The effect, sometimes referred to as the "Mould effect" for his work on it, is strange to see. Simply put, place a long chain in a container, pull one end out, and let it fall to the floor.
Now watch as the whole chain seems to jump up out of the glass, before falling towards the floor.
The effect, though independently found by Mould, was known about before, even if it was unexplained.
Since the effect was popularized by Mould, he, Mehdi Sadaghdar of YouTube channel ElectroBOOM, and several academic studies have attempted to explain it.
Mould has also set the record for the biggest chain fountain.
"Motivated by the fact that the chain has a maximum local curvature, and the fact that the phenomenon does not happen with a chain that does not have this maximum bending curvature, the chain was modelled as a sequence of freely joined rods," a 2016 paper on the topic explains.
"When a rod is pulled from one end, the end attached to the part of the chain that is already moving, the rod tends to rotate around its center of mass; consequently, the other end will go down, towards the surface of beads, kicking the pile of beads.
Finally, there is a reaction force to this kick that pushes the beads upwards."
Mould's explanation (see above for the full explanation, and an awesome chain fountain) is generally thought to be correct, after a long (and friendly) argument and experiments against ElectroBOOM (and further analysis by others).
"In short, the chain rises above the pot in a fountain because of an extra upward force coming from the pot," Mould explains in his latest video, partly shot in space.
"How strong does that force need to be, though? Well, it needs to be able to overcome the weight of this arc of chain that would obviously fall under gravity. And that's it. That's all you need."
Unfortunately, in order to test his idea, Mould needed gravity to disappear. This is where NASA astronaut Don Pettit came in. Pettit, who had been intrigued by Mould's videos, offered to test the behavior of chains on the International Space Station (ISS).
"According to the maths, that yanking of the chain has no influence on the ark at all. If gravity wasn't a factor, the ark would be fixed there in space even though it was being yanked downwards at one end. Or at least that's the theory," Mould explained.
"That's what we want to test. We want to test the theory that a chain moving at constant speed will flow through its own shape so long as it isn't acted on by an external force like gravity."
In a phone call with Mould, Pettit attempted to tug on the chain and test whether the chain truly did flow through its own shape, supporting Mould's idea, or whether it did something else.
Unfortunately, it's pretty difficult to get a chain to remain stationary in microgravity, with Pettit describing them as moving around like molecules. Mould suggested that instead they put a chain into a loop, and stretch it out to make a rectangular shape.
Then Pettit could grab the longer sides of the rectangle-ish chain and set them in motion, pushing the top one right and the bottom left, for example. If he was correct, the chain should flow through that rectangle shape, rather than spread out into a circle as you might expect.
The setup was not ideal, and the two were limited by the ISS passing out of reach of communication satellites.
However, before the informal experiment ended, they did appear to set chains in motion that followed their own shape, seemingly adding evidence to Mould's explanation for the effect.
"It was a great demonstration seeing it pass through the same path through the loop and your explanation about why it would eventually turn into a full circle due to friction was pretty adequate," Sadaghdar said, adding that he wouldn't have to embarrass himself by making another debunk video.
"Although you didn't quite demonstrate if the path will remain the same if the chain wasn't in a loop. Another simulation might be nice, but what would be better is to take 100m of chain into space and drag it behind you in a spacewalk. Do it."
https://www.iflscience.com/nasa-lets-youtuber-steve-mould-test-his-weird-chain-theory-in-space-81148
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.09319
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dQJBBklpQQ
Meteor streaks across the sky in Chattanooga overnight
October 14, 2025
Early this morning, around 3:11am EST, a bright streak lit up the Tennessee sky, a meteor sighting that had many people looking up.
But how can you tell whether you’re seeing a meteor or space junk burning up in the atmosphere? The main differences come down to speed and duration.
Space debris reenters Earth’s atmosphere at a slower pace and can often be visible for a longer period of time.
It may break apart into smaller glowing fragments that follow each other across the sky for several seconds, sometimes even minutes, before completely burning up.
These reentries tend to appear orange or yellow and can move sideways, with a bright central glow followed by a long tail of light.
Space junk is human-made, originating from old satellites or rocket parts that were once in orbit, and typically travels at about 7 kilometers per second (around 17,500 miles per hour).
Meteors, on the other hand, are natural space rocks that enter the atmosphere much faster, often burning up in just a few seconds. They typically appear green or blue as they streak quickly across the sky.
In short, natural meteors flash by in an instant, while human-made debris burns more slowly and can last anywhere from 20 to 90 seconds or longer.
That brings us to another common mix-up: the terms asteroid, meteor, and meteorite.
An asteroid is a rocky or metallic object orbiting the Sun, usually found between Mars and Jupiter.
When a piece of one of these space rocks enters Earth’s atmosphere and starts to glow from friction, it’s called a meteor — the bright “shooting star” we see.
If any part of it survives that fiery descent and lands on Earth, it’s known as a meteorite.
In simple terms:
Asteroid — still in space.
Meteor — burning through our atmosphere.
Meteorite — what lands on the ground.
https://www.local3news.com/local-news/meteor-streaks-across-the-sky-this-morning/article_0705f371-1494-4800-b4a0-abee2be405af.html
Software solution can correct image blurring by James Webb Space Telescope
October 14, 2025
A pair of Sydney Ph.D. students helped sharpen the view of humanity's most powerful space observatory—without leaving Earth.
As an indelible reminder of this thrilling result, Louis Desdoigts, now a postdoctoral researcher at Leiden in the Netherlands, and his colleague Max Charles, had tattoos of the instrument their work has repaired inked on their arms
This technical breakthrough saw University of Sydney researchers develop a software fix that corrected blurring in images made by NASA's multibillion-dollar James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), restoring crisp performance to one of its vital scientific instruments—all without the need for a space mission or astronaut repair.
The achievement builds on the only piece of Australian-designed hardware on the JWST—the Aperture Masking Interferometer (AMI)—created by Professor Peter Tuthill from the University of Sydney's School of Physics and Sydney Institute for Astronomy.
The AMI lets astronomers to take ultra-high-resolution images of stars and exoplanets by combining light from multiple patches on the telescope's main mirror, a technique known as interferometry.
However, after JWST began operations, scientists discovered that AMI's performance was being degraded by subtle electronic distortions in its infrared camera detector.
These were injecting fuzziness into recovered images—a problem reminiscent of the predecessor to JWST, the Hubble Space Telescope's early "blurry vision" after launch, which famously required a space shuttle mission and astronaut spacewalks to correct.
Rather than designing a new lens or mounting such a costly rescue mission, Ph.D. students Louis Desdoigts and Max Charles from Professor Tuthill's group, also working with Associate Professor Ben Pope (at Macquarie University), created a data-driven, software-only calibration system that fixed the focus from the ground.
Their system, called AMIGO (Aperture Masking Interferometry Generative Observations), uses advanced simulations and neural networks to model how the telescope's optics and electronics behave in space.
By understanding an imperfection in which electrical charge bleeds over into neighboring pixels, a process known as the brighter-fatter effect, the team developed algorithms that "de-blurred" the images and restored AMI's full sensitivity.
"Instead of sending astronauts to bolt on new parts, they managed to fix things with code," Professor Tuthill said. "It's a brilliant example of how Australian innovation can make a global impact in space science."
The fix has produced spectacular results. With AMIGO, the James Webb Space Telescope has achieved sharper-than-ever detections of faint celestial objects—including the direct imaging of a dim exoplanet and a red-brown dwarf orbiting the nearby star HD 206893, about 133 light years from Earth.
A companion study led by Max Charles, a Ph.D. student at Sydney, has demonstrated AMI's renewed focus by capturing high-resolution images of a black hole jet, the volcanic surface of one of Jupiter's moons (Io) and the dusty stellar winds of WR 137—pushing the boundaries of JWST's capabilities.
"This work brings JWST's vision into even sharper focus," Dr. Desdoigts said.
"It's incredibly rewarding to see a software solution extend the telescope's scientific reach—and to know it was possible without ever leaving the lab."
Dr. Desdoigts has now landed a postdoctoral research position at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
Both studies have been published on the pre-print server arXiv. Dr. Desdoigts's paper has been peer-reviewed and will shortly be published in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia.
This release coincides with the latest round of James Webb Space Telescope General Observer, Survey and Archival Research programs.
Associate Professor Benjamin Pope, who will present these findings at SXSW Sydney on Friday, and said the research team was keen to get the new code into the hands of researchers working on JWST as soon as possible.
https://phys.org/news/2025-10-software-solution-image-blurring-james.html
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.09806
Kennedy Space Center issues boil water notice advisory
Oct. 13, 2025 3:18 p.m. ET
An Oct. 13 precautionary boil water notice is currently in effect for all areas of Kennedy Space Center, including the visitor complex, due to a disruption in water service.
As a result, food and beverage services are temporarily limited. Orbit Cafe and Moon Rock Cafe remain open, while The Gantry at LC-39 is closed until further notice.
The Kennedy Space Center is working closely with utility providers and health officials to restore full water service as quickly and safely as possible, officials said.
What Guests Need to Know:
Bottled beverages are available throughout the complex.
Food service locations are open and operating with modified menus where needed.
Water refill stations and drinking fountains are unavailable until further notice.
This advisory will remain in place until water quality testing confirms it is safe to resume normal operations.
For updates, please visit www.kennedyspacecenter.com.
https://www.floridatoday.com/story/entertainment/dining/2025/10/13/visitor-advisory-as-boil-water-notice-in-effect-at-kennedy-space-center/86677183007/
Watch Rocket Lab launch private Japanese Earth-imaging satellite today
October 14, 2025
Rocket Lab will launch a radar satellite for the Japanese Earth-observation company Synspective today (Oct. 14), and you can watch the action live.
An Electron rocket is scheduled to lift off from Rocket Lab's New Zealand site today at 12:30 p.m. EDT (1630 GMT; 5:30 a.m. Oct. 15 local New Zealand time), on a mission called "Owl New World."
You can watch it live via Rocket Lab beginning 30 minutes before launch. Space.com will simulcast Rocket Lab's stream if, as expected, the company makes it available.
The mission's name is a reference to the payload — one of Synspective's Strix radar-imaging satellites. (Strix is a genus of owls.)
This particular spacecraft is "the first of a new generation of satellites by Synspective for its low Earth orbit constellation that provides high-frequency, high-resolution Earth observation data for disaster response and management, national security and environmental monitoring," Rocket Lab wrote in a mission description, which you can find here.
If all goes according to plan today, Electron will deploy the Strix satellite 362 miles (583 kilometers) above Earth just over 50 minutes after launch.
Six Strix satellites have reach orbit to date, on six different Electron flights. There will be another 20 such launches after today to finish building out the constellation, according to Rocket Lab.
Today's launch will be Rocket Lab's 15th of 2025 and 73rd overall to date.
https://www.space.com/space-exploration/launches-spacecraft/rocket-lab-launch-owl-new-world-synspective-satellite
https://rocketlabcorp.com/missions/next-mission/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkvby1Prnjs
Strange 'puffy' alien world breaks every rule for how planets should behave
October 14, 2025
If you think you've met the wildest exoplanet yet, you haven't learned about TOI-4507 b.
This strange world, which sits about 578 light-years from the solar system, breaks almost every known rule for how planets should behave.
First off, it orbits a very young star that's just 700 million years old, making it one of the youngest planetary systems ever discovered. The planet is 9x wider than Earth, but only 30 times its mass.
That means it's as wide as Jupiter but less than a tenth of its mass, a very light planet. This odd combination of large size and small mass classifies TOI-4507 b as a "super-puff" — an exoplanet with a large, extended atmosphere.
Second, TOI-4507 b is on a nearly polar orbit; it swings around its star almost perfectly perpendicular to the star's rotation.
It has a relatively close orbit, completing an entire revolution in just 105 days — but this also makes it one of the longest-period super-puffs ever found.
So we have a low-density, puffy planet orbiting relatively far from a young star in a nearly perpendicular orbit. What's going on?
With TOI-4507 b, there are more mysteries than answers. But the researchers who revealed the discovery of the planet ruled out some possibilities.
In a pre-print study that has yet to be peer-reviewed and submitted to arXiv, they used a combination of data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and ASTEP, a planet-hunting telescope in Antarctica.
Many super-puffs get their inflated atmospheres from tidal heating. If a planet orbits close to its star in an elliptical orbit, then its interior will stretch and squeeze as the gravitational strength of the star changes.
This kind of tidal heating leads to the molten cores and liquid oceans of many moons in the outer solar system, and in other systems, it can heat up a planet, giving it an extended atmosphere.
But TOI-4507 b is too far from its star for tidal heating to play a significant role.
So perhaps it's not as big as we think it is. Some planets may have large ring systems that block light just as easily as a planet can, leading to the appearance of large planetary bodies.
But while TOI-4507 b is relatively cold, it's not cold enough to support a ring system for very long.
Plus, something dramatic must have happened in this planet's past. This event might have been quick and catastrophic, causing a misalignment of the protoplanetary disk with the star.
Or it might have been slow and steady — for example, if another planet orbiting much farther out were tugging it into a new orbit.
All of these mysteries make TOI-4507 b ripe for follow-up studies.
Because of its brightness and the low density of its atmosphere, TOI-4507 b makes a great candidate for observations with the James Webb Space Telescope, which should have the capabilities to determine what this mysterious planet's atmosphere is made of — and hopefully unlock some more clues as to how this strange super-puff came to be.
https://www.space.com/astronomy/exoplanets/strange-puffy-alien-world-breaks-every-rule-for-how-planets-should-behave
https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00102
>7171
>>23737205
Paging William Tompkins
https://www.space.com/astronomy/earth/a-volcano-or-a-meteorite-new-evidence-sheds-light-on-puzzling-discovery-in-greenlands-ice-sheet
https://theconversation.com/a-volcano-or-a-meteorite-new-evidence-sheds-light-on-puzzling-discovery-in-greenlands-ice-sheet-265257
A volcano or a meteorite? New evidence sheds light on puzzling discovery in Greenland's ice sheet
October 13, 2025
Buried deep in Greenland's ice sheet lies a puzzling chemical signature that has sparked intense scientific debate.
A sharp spike in platinum concentrations, discovered in an ice core (a cylinder of ice drilled out of ice sheets and glaciers) and dated to around 12,800 years ago, has provided support for a hypothesis that the Earth was struck by an exotic meteorite or comet at that time.
Our new research offers a much more mundane explanation: this mystery platinum signature may have originated from a volcanic fissure eruption in Iceland, not space.
The timing matters. The platinum spike occurs near the beginning of our planet's last great cold period, the Younger Dryas Event. This lasted from about 12,870 to 11,700 years ago and saw temperatures plummet across the northern hemisphere.
This happened just as the planet had actually been warming up from the last ice age. Understanding what triggered this cold snap could help us understand how Earth's climate may change in the future.
We propose that this icy phase in Earth's climatic history was in fact caused either by a large volcanic eruption in Germany or by the eruption of an unknown volcano.
A climate mystery
Ice cores show that during the millennium-long Younger Dryas Event, temperatures across Greenland dropped to more than 15°C colder than they are today.
Europe returned to near glacial conditions, with tundra replacing forests that had begun to flourish. Low-latitude rainbelts shifted to the south.
The traditionally accepted explanation involves a massive release of freshwater from melting North American ice sheets.
This freshwater pulse disrupted the ocean circulation, affecting temperatures. However, other researchers have proposed that the event was triggered by a comet or asteroid impact over North America.
In 2013, researchers analyzing ice cores drilled as part of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP2) discovered platinum concentrations that were well above normal levels.
The ratio of platinum to a radioactive element called iridium was also unusual because space rocks usually have high levels of iridium, while the ice core spike does not.
The ice core signature was very different from anything seen in known meteorites or volcanic rocks.
The authors of the space impact paper suggested that perhaps the unusual ice chemistry reflected the impact of an unusual asteroid made up of iron.
A subsequent paper proposed that the ice chemistry could reflect the German Laacher See volcanic eruption, which had an unusual geochemistry and occurred around that time.
To test this idea, we collected and analyzed 17 samples of volcanic pumice from deposits left behind by the Laacher See eruption. We measured platinum, iridium, and other trace elements to create a chemical fingerprint of the eruption.
Our results were clear: the Laacher See pumices contain virtually no platinum, with concentrations below or barely at detection limits.
Even though some platinum may have escaped to the atmosphere before being trapped in the rock, the eruption was clearly not the source of Greenland's platinum spike.
Additionally, when we examined the timing carefully, using updated ice core chronologies, we found the platinum spike actually occurred about 45 years after the Younger Dryas began – too late to have triggered the cooling.
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This result was arrived at independently but was consistent with previous research finding the same thing. Importantly, the elevated platinum concentrations lasted for 14 years, suggesting a prolonged event rather than an instantaneous asteroid or comet impact.
We compared the ice core's chemical signature with various other geological samples and found the closest match was with volcanic gas condensates (the products formed when gases released from a volcano cool from a gas to a liquid or solid state) particularly from submarine volcanoes.
Iceland's volcanoes can produce fissure eruptions lasting years or even decades, matching the 14-year duration of the platinum spike.
During the melting phase that preceded the Younger Dryas, Iceland's volcanic activity increased dramatically as melting ice sheets reduced pressure on the Earth’s crust.
Crucially, submarine or subglacial eruptions interact with water in ways that could explain the unusual chemistry.
Seawater can strip away sulphur compounds while concentrating other elements like platinum in volcanic gases. These platinum-rich gases could then travel to Greenland and be deposited on the ice sheet, explaining the odd geochemistry.
Recent research on historical Icelandic eruptions supports this mechanism. The 8th-century Katla eruption produced a 12-year spike in heavy metals like bismuth and thallium in Greenland ice cores.
The 10th-century Eldgjá eruption resulted in a cadmium spike within glacial ice. Although platinum was not measured in those studies, these examples show Icelandic volcanoes regularly deliver heavy metals to the Greenland ice sheet.
A smoking gun?
Because of the chronological mismatch, whatever mechanism was responsible for the platinum spike didn't trigger the Younger Dryas.
Our research does, however, highlight previous results showing a massive volcanic sulphate spike in multiple ice cores coinciding precisely with the onset of cooling 12,870 years ago.
This eruption, whether from the Laacher See eruption or an unknown volcano, injected enough sulphur into the atmosphere to rival the largest eruptions in recorded history.
Volcanic eruptions can trigger cooling by releasing sulphur into the stratosphere, reflecting incoming sunlight and potentially setting off a cascade of positive feedbacks including sea ice expansion, changed wind patterns and disruption of ocean currents, though future research needs to explore this further.
The substantial volcanic forcing around the Younger Dryas onset – a time when climate was already sitting between a glacial and an interglacial (the periods between cold snaps) – may have provided the nudge that tipped Earth’s climate back into a cold state.
It is important to note that our research focused on the platinum spike and did not consider other evidence, such as spherules (spherical fragments of melted rock) and black mats (mysterious dark layers in soil), for an extraterrestrial impact.
That said, based on our analysis of the new results and existing data, a large northern hemispheric volcanic eruption seems to be the most straightforward explanation for the Younger Dryas Event.
Understanding past climate triggers is vital for anticipating what lies ahead. Although the chance of a large meteorite impact or volcanic eruption in any given year is low, such events are virtually certain to occur eventually.
Knowing how Earth’s climate responded in the past is therefore crucial for preparing for the consequences of the next major event.
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Joe Rogan Experience #2392 - John Kiriakou
Oct 10, 2025
John Kiriakou is a former CIA counter-terrorism officer and the first U.S. official to confirm the agency's torture of detainees. Punished for being a whistleblower, he served nearly 2 years in a federal prison.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZqADzuu73g
https://x.com/JohnKiriakou/
The 9/11 Files: From Cover-up to Conspiracy | Ep 4
OCtober 14, 2025
From the mysterious collapse of Tower 7 to reports of explosive residue in the rubble, the official 9/11 story leaves more questions than answers.
Why did some reporters announce attacks before they happened? How did foreign governments know more than U.S. intelligence?
And who profited from airline stock trades right before the attacks? We uncover the strange facts, hidden intelligence, and unanswered questions that demand a new investigation into 9/11.
https://tuckercarlson.com/the911files
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-UHpHezjdk
3I/ATLAS Prophecy Explained: Kim Clement’s Vision for the End Times
Oct 13, 2025
Is it possible that a prophecy by Kim Clement relates directly to the unidentified 3I/ATLAS space object?
Back in 2014, Kim Clement gave a disturbing prophetic word about terrorism and a new kind of steel jet. Now, the question may be asked if this prophetic word ties in to the 3I/ATLAS space object.
“Why are my people afraid? Why are my people fearful?” Clement prophetically asked. He then described a world where nations are blind, intelligence is insufficient, and even the most powerful countries, America, Russia, Germany, Poland, Estonia, stand without insight.
“You know nothing,” Clement prophesied. “Therefore, a new group of terrorists is emerging. They are not related to the Taliban. They have one focus: to take the youth and train them for destruction.”
Clement continued, his prophecy shifting to the missing Malaysia jet and potentially a covert mission of steel jets: “So, what happened to the jet? Is that what really matters?
For the Spirit of God says, ‘I will surprise you and show you…’ A new territorial spirit has arisen and has fouled the nations of the earth. And God said it will continue.
And they shall say, ‘This has given us an idea. Steel jets.’ And your intelligence says, ‘It shall never happen since we have implemented the security since 2011.'”
The prophecy by Clement also spoke of Russia, Syria and Iran gathering “as many nations as possible to come and strike the Jews,” which points back to a new terrorism and wartime technology.
While we may not yet understand the full nature of the 3I/ATLAS phenomenon—whether it originates from space or is part of a governmental or terror operation—the words of Kim Clement remind us to remain spiritually alert.
Scripture calls believers to “watch and pray,” and in uncertain times like these, vigilance is essential. As nations shake and mysteries unfold, the Church must stay steadfast in prayer, trusting that God will reveal what is hidden and protect His people in the days ahead.
https://mycharisma.com/propheticrevival/3i-atlas-prophecy-explained-kim-clements-vision-for-the-end-times/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Rj9XjGX48A