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>- jim crow laws created by who? what year?
>- jim crows ends when? how?
Jim Crow was brought down through a combination of:The Civil Rights Movement (1950s–1960s) Mass protests, marches, boycotts, sit-ins, and Freedom Rides led by activists such as Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, John Lewis, and many others.
Events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–56), the March on Washington (1963), and Bloody Sunday in Selma (1965) generated national pressure and sympathy.
Key Supreme Court RulingsBrown v. Board of Education (1954) — Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, striking at the heart of “separate but equal.”
Other cases chipped away at segregation in transportation, housing, and public facilities.
Federal LegislationCivil Rights Act of 1964: Banned segregation in public places (restaurants, hotels, theaters, etc.), prohibited employment discrimination, and ended federal funding for segregated programs.
Voting Rights Act of 1965: Suspended literacy tests, poll taxes, and other discriminatory voting barriers. It gave the federal government power to oversee voter registration in states with histories of discrimination. This dramatically increased Black voter registration in the South.
Political Leadership
President Lyndon B. Johnson (a Democrat) strongly pushed both major bills through Congress, using his political skill after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
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