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Diacetyl : Popcorn Lung
Some e-liquids contain diacetyl or AP in the flavorings
In U.K. & EU diacetyl is prohibited as an ingredient in nicotine-containing e-liquid
Ongoing thread
https://twitter.com/Askcoding/status/1254211595498127362
Does Diacetyl in Vaping Cause Popcorn Lung?
What is popcorn lung?
Popcorn lung is a slang name for a serious condition with the scientific name bronchiolitis obliterans, or obliterative bronchiolitis. Sometimes the name is abbreviated as BO, and it is occasionally called constrictive bronchiolitis.
Popcorn lung is caused when the smallest airways within the lungs (bronchioles) are scarred, and their capacity and efficiency are reduced. There is no cure for the condition except a lung transplant.
Bronchiolitis obliterans can result from a variety of medical and environmental causes. The bronchioles can become inflamed and damaged from viral, bacterial and fungal infections, or by inhalation of chemical particles. Although diketones like diacetyl are the chemicals most often associated with popcorn lung, the National Institutes of Health lists several other chemicals that can cause it, including chlorine, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and inhaled metal fumes from welding.
And despite being the only real cure for popcorn lung, lung transplants themselves can cause it too. In fact, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the single largest cause of chronic lung transplant rejection.
What are the symptoms of popcorn lung?
The scarring of the lung tissue blocks the airways and prevents the lungs from functioning properly. The symptoms are very similar to those of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but bronchiolitis symptoms can appear within just 2-8 weeks, while COPD typically takes many years or even decades to develop. Early bronchiolitis symptoms include:
A dry cough
Shortness of breath
Reduced activity tolerance
Wheezing (without a cold or asthma)
Fatigue
Although popcorn lung is an incredibly rare disease, the early symptoms are similar to a common cold. Over a period of weeks or months, those symptoms progress and become more severe. Eventually the disease causes a variety of severe problems with breathing and absorption of oxygen. Untreated, popcorn lung causes death from respiratory failure within months or years.
There is no cure for popcorn lung, but treatment can sometimes slow its progression. Depending on the cause, popcorn lung is sometimes treated with antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, or corticosteroids. Cough medication or oxygen may be given to help manage symptoms. Severe cases may require a lung transplant.
Popcorn lung can be difficult to diagnose. Although CT scans and pulmonary function tests can offer strong clues, the only reliable way to identify the disease is through a surgical lung biopsy. And sometimes multiple biopsy samples are required to be certain.
Why is it called popcorn lung?
In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) documented eight cases of lung disease in employees who had worked at a Missouri popcorn factory between the years 1992 and 2000. Investigation showed that those with the worst lung damage had spent considerable time mixing a flavoring chemical called diacetyl with hot oil in large industrial-sized vats.
Although the popcorn workers who were diagnosed with obliterative bronchiolitis had severe and irreversible lung damage, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, an agency within the CDC) found that the workers at the factory showed a spectrum of injury to the lungs probably caused by the flavoring chemicals. Not every affected employee had untreatable lung obstruction.
https://vaping360.com/learn/popcorn-lung-diacetyl/