Kawasaki disease
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_disease
Kawasaki disease is a disease of unknown cause that results in a fever and mainly affects children under 5 years of age.[6] It is a form of vasculitis, where blood vessels become inflamed throughout the body.[1] The fever typically lasts for more than five days and is not affected by usual medications.[1] Other common symptoms include large lymph nodes in the neck, a rash in the genital area, and red eyes, lips, palms, or soles of the feet.[1] Within three weeks of the onset, the skin from the hands and feet may peel, after which recovery typically occurs.[1] In some children, coronary artery aneurysms form in the heart.[1]
While the cause is unknown, it may be due to an infection triggering an autoimmune response in those who are genetically predisposed.[1] It does not spread between people.[1] Diagnosis is usually based on a person's signs and symptoms.[1] Other tests such as an ultrasound of the heart and blood tests may support the diagnosis.[1] Other conditions that may present similarly include scarlet fever, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.[4][1]
Typically, initial treatment consists of high doses of aspirin and immunoglobulin.[1] Usually, with treatment, fever resolves within 24 hours and full recovery occurs.[1] If the coronary arteries are involved, ongoing treatment or surgery may occasionally be required.[1] Without treatment, coronary artery aneurysms occur in up to 25% and about 1% die.[3][7] With treatment, the risk of death is reduced to 0.17%.[7]
Kawasaki disease is rare.[1] It affects between 8 and 67 per 100,000 people under the age of five except in Japan, where it affects 124 per 100,000.[5] Boys are more commonly affected than girls.[1] The disorder was first described in 1967 by Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japan.[5][8]